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¹ø¿ª °¨¼ö: ÀÓ¿Á
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Korea¡¯s real life mermaids will soon be no more: About the last generation Haenyo
Çѱ¹ÀÇ ½Ç»ýÈ° Àξ »ç¶óÁø´Ù: ¸¶Áö¸· ÇØ³à ¼¼´ë
For centuries, mermaids of Korea, Haenyo or ¡®sea women¡¯ from the Korean island province of Jeju have been diving into the chilly ocean waters to make their living by harvesting abalone, conch, and octopus.
¼ö¼¼±â µ¿¾È, Çѱ¹ÀÇ Àξî, Áï ¡®¹Ù´Ù ¿©ÀΡ¯À̶ó ºÒ¸®´Â ÇسàµéÀº Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¼¶ Á¦ÁÖµµÀÇ Â÷°¡¿î ¹Ù´å¹°¿¡ ¶Ù¾îµé¾î Àüº¹, Á¶°³, ¹®¾î µîÀ» Àâ¾Æ »ý°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇØ ¿Ô´Ù.
IndiaToday.in
New Delhi
October 29, 2018
UPDATED: October 29, 2018 14:47 IST
For centuries, the haenyeo, or ¡®sea women,¡¯ from the Korean island province of Jeju have been diving into the chilly ocean waters in order to make their living by harvesting abalone, conch, and octopus. (Image: mijookim.com)
¼ö¼¼±â µ¿¾È, Çѱ¹ÀÇ Àξî, Áï ¡®¹Ù´Ù ¿©ÀΡ¯À̶ó ºÒ¸®´Â ÇسàµéÀº Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¼¶ Á¦ÁÖµµÀÇ Â÷°¡¿î ¹Ù´å¹°¿¡ ¶Ù¾îµé¾î Àüº¹, Á¶°³, ¹®¾î µîÀ» Àâ¾Æ »ý°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇØ ¿Ô´Ù.
Ever seen a mermaid in real life? Visit South Korea before the last generation ceases to exist.
½ÇÁ¦·Î Àξ º» ÀûÀÌ Àִ°¡? ¸¶Áö¸· ¼¼´ë°¡ ³¡³ª±â Àü¿¡ Çѱ¹À» ¹æ¹®ÇϽöó.
For centuries, mermaids of Korea, haenyo or ¡®sea women¡¯ from the Korean island province of Jeju have been diving into the chilly ocean waters in order to make their living by harvesting abalone, conch, and octopus.
¼ö¼¼±â µ¿¾È, Çѱ¹ÀÇ Àξî, Áï ¡®¹Ù´Ù ¿©ÀΡ¯À̶ó ºÒ¸®´Â ÇسàµéÀº Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¼¶ Á¦ÁÖµµÀÇ Â÷°¡¿î ¹Ù´å¹°¿¡ ¶Ù¾îµé¾î Àüº¹, Á¶°³, ¹®¾î µîÀ» Àâ¾Æ »ý°è¸¦ À¯ÁöÇØ ¿Ô´Ù.
Now comes the interesting part. Èï¹Ì·Î¿î ºÎºÐÀº ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·¸´Ù. All modern diving equipment are available nowadays so it¡¯s not really a difficult task but haenyo never used any breathing equipment in their life.
¿äÁòÀº ¸ðµç Çö´ë½Ä ´ÙÀ̺ù ÀåºñµéÀÌ ÀÖ¾î ±×´ÙÁö ¾î·Á¿î ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸ ÇسàµéÀº Æò»ý ¾î¶°ÇÑ È£ÈíÀåºñµµ »ç¿ëÇØ º» ÀûÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
They used to descend up to twenty meters in freezing cold water without any equipment, holding their breath for over two minutes at a time.
±×µéÀº ¾óÀ½°°ÀÌ Â÷°¡¿î ¹° ¼Ó¿¡¼ ¾î¶² Àåºñµµ ¾øÀÌ ÇØÀú 20¹ÌÅÍ ¾Æ·¡±îÁö ³»·Á°¡°ï ÇßÀ¸¸ç, ÇÑ ¹ø¿¡ 2ºÐ ÀÌ»ó ¼ûÀ» Âü´Â´Ù.
Who are the Haenyo?
ÇسàµéÀº ´©±¸Àΰ¡?
1.They are known as the sea women of Jeju and wear old-fashioned headlight-shaped scuba masks, with lead weights strapped to their waists, so they can sink faster.
±×µéÀº Á¦ÁÖÀÇ ¹Ù´Ù ¿©ÀÎÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç Çìµå¶óÀÌÆ® ÇüÅÂÀÇ ±¸½Ä ½ºÄí¹ö ¸¶½ºÅ©¸¦ Âø¿ëÇÏ°í ´õ »¡¸® Àá¼öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Ç㸮Ãã¿¡ ³³À» ¸Å´Ü´Ù.
2. Also known as Korean Mermaids, haenyo are able to dive up to 65 feet (20 meters) under the sea, holding their breath for as long as two minutes at a time.
Çѱ¹ÀÇ Àξî¶ó°íµµ ¾Ë·ÁÁø ÇسàµéÀº ÇØÀú ÃÖ´ë 65ÇÇÆ® (20¹ÌÅÍ) ±îÁö Àá¼öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÇÑ ¹ø¿¡ 2ºÐ±îÁö ¼ûÀ» ÂüÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Almost 100 per cent of haenyeo are over the age of 50.(Image: mijookim.com)
ÇسàµéÀÇ °ÅÀÇ 100 %°¡ 50¼¼ ÀÌ»óÀÌ´Ù.
3. Although these women divers were very independent, they were often forbidden to travel outside their villages or reveal their skin.
ÀÌ ¿©¼º ´ÙÀ̹öµéÀº ¸Å¿ì µ¶¸³ÀûÀÌÁö¸¸, Á¾Á¾ ÀڽŵéÀÌ »ç´Â ¸¶À» ¹Ù±ùÀ¸·Î ³ª°¡°Å³ª ÇǺθ¦ µå·¯³»´Â °ÍÀÌ ±ÝÁöµÇ¾ú´Ù.
4. There were over 26,000 haenyo in the 1960s and now there are less than 4,500.
1960³â´ë¿¡´Â 26,000 ¸íÀÌ ³Ñ´Â ÇسàµéÀÌ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç ÇöÀç´Â ±× ¼ö°¡ 4,500 ¸í ¹Ì¸¸ÀÌ´Ù.
5. Almost 100 per cent of these mermaids are over the age of 50.
ÀÌ ÇسàµéÀÇ °ÅÀÇ 100%°¡ 50 ¼¼ ÀÌ»óÀÌ´Ù.
How do these mermaids search for their food?
ÇسàµéÀº ¾î¶»°Ô ÀڽŵéÀÇ ¾ç½ÄÀ» ã´Â°¡?
The mermaids store their harvest beneath the ¡®tewak,¡¯ which is a flotation device left on the surface of the water with a net hanging beneath it.(Image: mijookim.com)
ÇسàµéÀº ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ±×¹°ÀÌ ´Þ¸°, ¹° Ç¥¸é¿¡ ¶° ÀÖ´Â ºÎÀ¯ µµ±¸ ¡®Å¿Ρ¯ ¹Ø¿¡ ¼öÈ®¹°À» ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù.
Many of them use various tools to dig conch and abalone from the crevices on the sea floor. Conch and abalone are shellfishes which can be eaten.
¸¹Àº ÇسàµéÀº ÇØÀú Æ´»õÀÇ ¼Ò¶ó¿Í Àüº¹À» ij±â À§ÇØ ´Ù¾çÇÑ µµ±¸¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¼Ò¶ó¿Í Àüº¹Àº ½Ä¿ë Á¶°³·ùÀÌ´Ù.
The mermaids store their harvest beneath the ¡®tewak,¡¯ which is a flotation device left on the surface of the water with a net hanging beneath it.
ÇسàµéÀº ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ±×¹°ÀÌ ´Þ¸°, ¹° Ç¥¸é¿¡ ¶° ÀÖ´Â ºÎÀ¯ µµ±¸ÀÎ ¡®Å¿Ρ¯ ¹Ø¿¡ ÀڽŵéÀÌ Ã¤ÃëÇÑ ¼öÈ®¹°À» ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù.
Korea¡¯s diving tradition
Çѱ¹ÀÇ Àá¼ö ÀüÅë
The Korean tradition of deep-sea diving for oysters, sea cucumbers, abalones, sea urchins, and squid dates back to the fifth century.
±¼, ÇØ»ï, Àüº¹, ¼º°Ô, ¿À¡¾î¸¦ Àâ±â À§ÇØ ±íÀº ¹Ù´Ù ¼ÓÀ¸·Î Àá¼öÇÏ´Â Çѱ¹ÀÇ ÀüÅëÀº 5¼¼±â±îÁö °Å½½·¯¿Ã¶ó°£´Ù.
By the 18th-century, female divers largely outnumbered the males and thus became primary breadwinners of their families.(Image: mijookim.com)
18¼¼±â°æ±îÁö ¿©¼º Àá¼öºÎµéÀÇ ¼ö°¡ ³²¼ºº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ¸¹¾ÒÀ¸¸ç µû¶ó¼ °¡Á·ÀÇ ÁÖµÈ »ý°è¸¦ Ã¥ÀÓÁö°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
Diving was originally considered a male profession, but this changed in the 17th century and by the 18th century, female divers largely outnumbered the males and thus became primary breadwinners of their families.
¿ø·¡ Àá¼ö´Â ³²¼ºÀÇ Á÷¾÷À¸·Î ¿©°ÜÁ³À¸³ª, 17¼¼±â¿¡ ¹Ù²î¾î 18¼¼±â¿¡ À̸£·¯¼´Â ¿©¼º Àá¼öºÎÀÇ ¼ö°¡ ³²¼ºÀ» ´É°¡Çß°í, µû¶ó¼ °¡Á·ÀÇ ÁÖµÈ »ý°è¸¦ Ã¥ÀÓÁö°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
History of diving
Àá¼öÀÇ ¿ª»ç
When Korea was ruled by a king, most of the harvest made by these people were given to him as a tribute. But when Japan occupied Korea, this changed
¿ÕÀÌ Çѱ¹À» ´Ù½º¸®´ø ½ÃÀý, ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ °ÅµÐ ¼öÈ®ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀº ¿Õ¿¡°Ô °ø¹°·Î ÁÖ¾îÁ³´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀϺ»ÀÌ Çѱ¹À» Á¡·ÉÇßÀ» ¶§, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¹Ù²î¾ú´Ù.
The practice was abolished and haenyo were free to sell their harvest on the market
±×·¯ÇÑ °üÇàÀº ¾ø¾îÁ³°í ÇسàµéÀº ÀڽŵéÀÌ ¼öÈ®ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ½ÃÀå¿¡ ³»´Ù ÆȾҴÙ.
As the years passed, diving became a profitable profession for the haenyo
½Ã°£ÀÌ È帣¸é¼ Àá¼ö´Â Çس࿡°Ô ¼öÀͼºÀÌ ³ôÀº Á÷¾÷ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
A great number of them were even hired by Japanese merchants to work as wage-laborers in Japan
±×µé Áß »ó´ç¼ö´Â ÀϺ» »óÀο¡ ÀÇÇØ °í¿ëµÇ¾î ÀϺ»¿¡¼ ÀÓ±Ý ³ëµ¿ÀÚ·Î ÀÏÇϱ⵵ Çß´Ù.
The outcome of World War II in 1945 brought the end of the Japanese rule in Korea, but women divers continued being an integral part of Jeju¡¯s economy
1945³â 2Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀüÀÇ °á¸»·Î ÀϺ»ÀÇ Çѱ¹ ÅëÄ¡°¡ Á¾½ÄµÇ¾úÀ¸³ª ¿©¼º Àá¼öºÎµéÀº °è¼Ó Á¦ÁÖ °æÁ¦ÀÇ ÇÙ½É ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î ³²¾Ò´Ù.
Men took care of the home, looked after the children, and cooked, while women took care of the financial well being of the family
¿©ÀÚµéÀÌ °¡Á·ÀÇ °æÁ¦Àû º¹Áö¸¦ Ã¥ÀÓÁø ¹Ý¸é, ³²ÀÚµéÀÌ °¡Á¤À» º¸»ìÇÇ°í, ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» µ¹º¸°í ¿ä¸®¸¦ Çß´Ù.
From cotton suits to wetsuits
¸éÀ¸·Î µÈ ¿Ê¿¡¼ °í¹«·Î µÈ Àá¼öº¹À¸·Î
For years, Korean mermaids wore homemade cotton suits while diving in the freezing waters of the ocean.
¿À·§µ¿¾È Çѱ¹ ÇسàµéÀº Â÷°¡¿î ¹Ù´Ù¿¡¼ Àá¼öÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È Áý¿¡¼ ¼Õ¼ö ¸¸µç ¸éÀ¸·Î µÈ ÀÛ¾÷º¹À» ÀÔ¾ú´Ù.
The 1970s became a turning point for them as wetsuits became available in the marketplace.
°í¹«·Î µÈ Àá¼öº¹À» ±¸ÀÔÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¸ç 1970³â´ë´Â À̵鿡°Ô ÀüȯÁ¡ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
Wetsuits made it possible for haenyo to dive deeper and spend more time underwater, thus increasing their incomes.(Image: mijookim.com)
°í¹«·Î µÈ Àá¼öº¹Àº ÇسàµéÀÌ ´õ ±íÀÌ Àá¼öÇÏ°í ¹°¼Ó¿¡ ´õ ¿À·¡ ¸Ó¹° ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ÇسàµéÀÇ ¼öÀÔÀº ´Ã°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
However, this led to the decline in income as spending time underwater bought many risks and health problems for haenyo and women slowly abandoned the sea-diving industry.
ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¹° ¼Ó¿¡¼ ¸¹Àº ½Ã°£À» º¸³»´Â °ÍÀÌ Çسàµé¿¡°Ô ±×¸¸Å ¸¹Àº À§Çè°ú °Ç°¹®Á¦¸¦ ¾È°ÜÁà ¿©¼ºµéÀÌ ¼¼È÷ ¹Ù´Ù Àá¼öÀÏÀ» Æ÷±âÇÏ¸é¼ ¼öÀÔÀÇ °¨¼Ò·Î À̾îÁ³´Ù.
The tradition of haenyo still exists, though perhaps not for long. New York-based photographer Mijoo Kim, set out to document the resilient women, said
ÇسàÀÇ ÀüÅëÀÌ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ±â´Â Çϳª ¿À·¡°¡Áö´Â ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´º¿å¿¡¼ È°µ¿ÇÏ´Â »çÁøÀÛ°¡ ±è¹ÌÁÖ ¾¾´Â ÀÌ °ÀÎÇÑ ¿©¼ºµéÀ»¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±â·ÏÇϱâ·Î °á½ÉÇß´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
¡°These women divers are carrying on a Korean legacy and will be the last of their kind.¡±
¡°ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿©¼º Àá¼öºÎµéÀº Çѱ¹ÀÇ À¯»êÀ» À̾°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×ºÐµéÀÌ ¸¶Áö¸·ÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.¡±
¡°They are the last generation of Haenyo,¡± Kim told the Huffington Post.
±è ¾¾´Â ÇãÇÎÅÏÆ÷½ºÆ®¿¡ ¡°±×µéÀÌ ÇØ³à ¼¼´ëÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸·¡±À̶ó°í ÀüÇß´Ù.