ο ںǡ ϴ
(WWW.SURPRISE.OR.KR / / 2021-12-03)
1947 Ϻ Ȫī̵ . ͼٴ ġ . ̹̾ Ի ̱ ϻ繫 ô Ⱓ ̱ ٹ. ͼٴ п ƽþ翬 , ̹̾ ӿ . ̹̾ ȸ Ÿ , ܹ Ϻտ ȸμ å м. ŰǼ, , 츮 ļ ' ', ߾, 20κ ΰ: 1900 ࡻ, ִ.
Ϻ ô ο ںǡ ɰ, й ȯvirtuous circle ̾߱ Ǿ, ں ⡯ ô ǰ ִ. ο ںǡ ϴ , ̾߱ Ȯ ʴ. , Ϻ ں ȸ 150, ںǸ ϰ, ں ο , ؾ Ѵ.
ִ ںǶ , ϴ ̰ ϰ, ϱ 19 ¾ ġ ̴. ں(ο ȭ) ֻ ġ ȸ , (ں) 뵿̳ , 濵 ڿ ǰȭ ġ , ư ں ϴ Ǿ Դ.
ٴ ں Ƿδ ȭ й谡, ַ ϸ, δ ȯ̶ ð ü ϸ, ڸ, ڸ democracy() ̶ , ߿ ٴ 2 ֡μ ںǿ Ƕ ν ߴ.
жġBranko Milanović(1953. ư ̱ - ) ںǸ Ҵ – 踦 ý ̷( : Capitalism, Alone : The Future of the System That Rules the World, 2019. ; Ȧ ں : ̱ ں ߱ ں ¸ұ, , 2020 - ) û̸, ںǸ Ƴ , Ϻ ؼ ߿ϴ. ֳϸ, ں ϰ, Ż塯 νżᦡ Ǹ ȯϴ 鿡, ؾ ȸ ϱ ؼ, ν ξ ̱ ̴. жġ ϴ ںǡ ⼺ ǰ , پ ȸ ý ӿ, ںǰ , ΰ ȸ İ ʿ䰡 ִٰ Ѵ.
ǹ̿ ִ ΰ ȸ Ȱ ִ ethos pathos logos Ұ ھŰ, Ѿ ںǰ ϰ ִٴ ָ.
ںǸ ߵϴ - ethos pathos logos
Michel Beaud A History of Capitalism - 1500-2010(2001) Jerry Z. Muller Thinking About Capitalism(2002) , 16 ÿ ̸ ٴ ں 翡 ٰ Ȯϸ, ϸ, ںǸ ߵ Ҹ ˰ ȴ. ٷ ںǴ ٸ Ұ ھѼ ȥü Ǿ, Դٰ ִ.
ù ° Ҵ ethosμ ںǴ. źƼ ں š(1905) ߵ, ں , ٸ, ر й, Ű , ġ ϸ, Ȱ ִ ؾ Ѵ.
̷ ð , ٴ ں , 뱳 ٴ ٸƮWerner Sombart The Jews and modern capitalism(1911)̾. ̻ߤ ̵ ں ڱ ־ٴ ̴. ̻ , ÷ȴ. ༺ 5 Ÿ⡹(23 20), ̹οԴ ڸ Ƶ ȴ. ٸ Դ ڸ ް ־ ȴ١ ϴ ٰ, ȭǰ, ǻ ݾ ϴ ڰ ߴٰ Ѵ.
16, 1492 ο ߹ , ̺ƹݵ ̻ ״ ԵDZ ߴ. 뱳 ethos( 濡 ϰ ٸ․ϰ ), , , ̷, â ֵߴٴ ̴. ٸƮ ġ ̿Ǿ, 鵵 , ٴ ں ڰ ΰ Ƿ νؾ ϸ.
ڽ ̱ ũ ŻJacques Attali , ȭ – Ͻű 4000硻( : The Jews, the World and Money, an Economic History of the Jewish People, 2002 - ), ƴ μ, ں ֿμ ̶ 縦 â⡹ Ȱ ν ߰ ̾߱Ѵ. 600 Ѵ å ̿ Ż , , ȭ , ̷ ش. ΰ, ޱ Ÿ ʿ Ѵٴ ̴١ Ѵ. η簡 ʿ Դ١ ε , ϼ ߰߰ ȭ ġ ħ( ̻꿡 Ѿ Ƴ , , ŷ μ ȭ) ̷ﳽ (nomad) , ȸ ̶ ̴.
, Ϻ ں ƹ Ҹ úλ ġ渋沢栄鰡 ϼ ̾߱ϸ, ǡ, ˾, , , 漼 ̾߱ ͵, ethosμ ںǿ ȣ. źƮ Ҵٰ Ϻ, ñ ں â ȭ Ϳ Ǵµ, , ñ ߸Ÿ ݵߣ (1748~1821)ó, ․յ ڰ İ߰ ġ ϰ ־ٴ , ߸Ÿ ݵ Ź 翴 Ӹ ƴ϶, ħϴ ȸ ̹ ߴٴ ǹѴ. ñ ں Ρ, ̾ ߲ʫ ơ ֵ, ڽ ϴ Թ(ethos) , ̻ ܴ 롯 ñ ں Ȯϴ.
̾, ںǸ ߵϴ ° Ҵ, pathosμ ̴. ں ڴ, ̵ ̵, ڱ ִȭ ϴ , ϰ ִ. ̳ ̶ 밨 , ںǸ Ȱȭ Դٰ ִ. ֽȸ 17 ʹ ״ εȸ翡 , ڰ ɰ ġ ־.
տ źƼ ں š, 20 ʹ ̱ ںǿ Ѵ.
ο Ƹī߱, Ȱ , ǹ̰ ŵǾ , ϴ ִ. 巡, ö ȿ ڴ ϱ, ο ڵ Ÿ, Ȥ ̻ Ȱ Ͼ. – ʵ ƴϰ – ̻ Ÿ нĵ ȭ ȭϰ ɱ, .
Ŀ Ÿ ΰ顱 , ž , ⷫΡ̶ ǥ (źƼ ں š).
̶ ǰ? ݹ ϰŸī ݵ(濵 ź ܱⰣ ȿ ȸϴ ݵ带 ̸ – ) 濵 ʴ ǥ, ΰ ̹ ģ.
Ȳ ⸦ ĵ, ƮƮ 鿡 Ž彺 ںǴ . 100 ̻ , ¾Ҵٰ ִ. ڽ, 1987 Black Monday, 2008 ũ ⸦ 忡 Դ. յ ι ü, ħ 7ú ȸpower breakfast ۵Ǿ, 24ð Ǵ ư Ӵ ̸ӵ ̿ 信 . Ÿ pathos߸ ں ϳ .
° Ҵ, logosμ ں̸, ٴ ոǿ , 濵 ڿ ް ġ, 濵 ȿ Žϴ ǻ̴. , ․Ǹ μ ϰ, װ ȯ ȭ Ǹ ̰, ․ ó ․ ϴ ǻ縦 濵 ں 縦 տ ̲ Դٰ ִ.
̾߱, ٴ ո ̶ ִ īƮ(1596~1650), ټ 쿡 ڵ , 濡 ְ ٳٰ Ѵ. ̾߱, ΰ С(ΰ ó ִ) ٴ ̾. īƮ ŷڴ ƴϸ, ΰ âѡ ϴ ̾. , ̼ ո · 縦 ִ١ ι īƮ̸, ɽ ̿ տ ɽ ִ١ Ͽ, ڵ ΰ ̾ ̴.
, η ñ ΰ̶ ִ AI(ΰ) ȭ 鶰ִ. ǻ;߸ logos ̸, ȭ ں ȸ ʿ̶ ִ. ʱ ǻ ֵϿ, ΰγcybernetics ƹ Ҹ Norbert Wiener(1894~1964) ΰ С, Ű üȭϴ ڰ⡯ ΰ ΰ ̿뿡 ع桱̶ ߴ. ΰ 罽 ¿ 뵿 γ 1/100ۿ ʴ ܼ 뵿 عDZ ǻ 䱸ȴٴ ν ǥϰ ־.
AI ΰ С γ ִ. տ īƮ ڵ Ǽҵ ƴ, ٴ š ̱ ߴ. ſ â ΰ̶ Ͻű , ϸ ΰ â ִ ȴ١ ȸη ȴ. ÷ AI ߿ ̱ ڿ ϸ, Ͻű ģȭ․ λ ´.
ں ˱ , ȭ, ․TV, ǻ ȭ ͳ ִ. ̰͵鿡 ںǴ 꼺 ȿ ̰, ο Ѿ. 뵿 ʿ, ٲٰ, ϴ ٲ Դٰ ִ. װ ں ٲٴ , ڷγ 糭 ٹ ں ȸ ȯϴ Ⱑ .
, ںǸ Ƴ ɱ ѰѴٸ, ΰ ϴ ̼ Ͽ, ֹ ϴ dynamism ֵǰ ֱ ̶ ؾ Ѵ.
– ںǷ ٺп
츮 400 ٴ ں ô븦 ȴ. 1600, ؿ εȸ, 1602 ״ εȸ簡 ֽȸ ߴ. ϴ ڰ Ρ ϴ ̱ ߴ. , 17 ۵ ĵǾ, ںǸ ϴ ںǰ ֵϴ ô븦 ɾԴ. Ϻ 19 Ĺݺ ․ , ․̵ڪ ں ô ⺹ ۾ .
δ, 20 , ̱ ֿ , ڵ T Model ¡Ǵ 뷮 , 뷮 Һ ô븦 Ѵ. Ϻ, й衯 Ѱϰ, ȭ dzο ͡ ȴ. ö, , ڵ ϰ, ü 21 Դ.
Ϻ ࡻ(2020) ϵ ̼ Ϳ ȿ, Ʈũ (IT) ̶ ǹ̿ з ٲ ߴ. ⼭, ں ٺп ʷϿ, ںǡ ؾ ο , 帧 ҿ뵹 ӿ, 츮 ִ Ȯϰ Ѵ.
̴. ڽ ô Ǵµ, 1980 1990 ļ, ũ Michael Robert Milken(1946) ݵ George Soros(1930) ǥǵ, (ڸ ϴ ) ٸ ൿ ̳ ֿ DZ ߴ. 濡, , ․․ ̰ 簡, ӿ, ͼ, С 踦 ū ̾. , ( ȭ, 谨, ڱ å, ) , 1929 Ȳ ̱ ӹ Glass-Steagall Act( ) (1999) ʷ ͵ Ŀٶ ⿴.
, ָϸ, subprime loan Ļ ǰ 2008 ũ ʷϰ, ݼ Ž彺 ƮƮ ӹѴ١ Ͽ ٸ (2020), Ʈ ǿ ȯϴ ̷ Ҵ.
̷ ô ȯ , ڱ ݺߴ. ںǸ ϴ ˸ μ ൿ ̳ о߸ ô, ڻ â ũ , ݵ, high yield bonds, ȭ( ȭ) 踦 ȭ .
ں Ѻ ƮƮ ߽ ϴ Ѹ ϸ, Ȯ롱̸, ڻ, ڻ ľϴĿ ٸ, ֽ, ä, ܾ ݵ, ȭ , GDP(ǹ ) 5迡 ϴ ⼼ , ̿ ں Ǵ Ǿ иϴ.
ڸ, ȯ , ںǸ ϴ ǹ ξ ȸϴ ȭ ǰ , ȭ ڷγ 糭 Ʒ ʿ ȭ ӵǰ ִ. , 2017 ر Ʈ 4Ⱓ, ̱ GDP 7.3% , NY ٿ 54% ߴ. ̾߸, ں ں ο ʷϰ ִٰ ִ. ٿ Ϻ GDP Ⱓ ̳ʽ 4.0% ְ 40% ߴ.
ں ο - ںǡ
, ں ̴. IT DX(․transformation) ̸ ʷ ̾. , ҷ Ÿ£ ߵ л․ Ʈũ (ARPANET) λ ȯ( ȯ)̶ ȯ Ʈũ Ǿ ͳ̸, ũǻͰ Ʈũ ν ǻ Ѿ ɷ ϴ ô븦 ̴.
ư, 21 Dataism ô ȭߴ. big data, crowd ̿ ϴ ڰ Ѵ١ Dataism ô븦 âϰ, GAFAM(, , ̽, Ƹ, ũμƮ) Ǹܹ븮 IT 5 ְ ð Ѿ Ϻ GDP 2迡 Ѵ(2021 8 9.2 ) ¸ ߴ.
Dataism ֵϴ GAFAM Ѿ Ȱ ħ ںǡ ؾ ο ںǸ ϱ ߴ. ΰ ΰ ɷ ȸѴٰ ϴ Ư singularity ߵǴ , ںǰ ں ȸ , ڰ ƹ .
ں â⸦ ߵ ethos()ٰ ϸ, ں pathos(), ں װ ǻ Žϴ logos()ε ִ. ġ ô, ں ֵ ںǸ ںǷ ٺп ġݰ ߴٰ ִ. ϰ ط ϸ, ǥó Ǵµ, 츮 ںǰ ϴ ﰢ ҿ뵹̿ ư Ҿ ִٴ . Ư Ϻ, ʹ ں ̶ 信 ں з ȯ Ǿٰ ִ.
ں ο , ںǷ ٺп ִٰ Ѵ. ȥ ӿ, ںǿ Ȥ . ο ں ذ 츮 Ѵ.(ͣ, 202112ȣ)