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(WWW.SURPRISE.OR.KR / ´º½ºÇÁ·Î / 2021-02-18)
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South Korea Restarts Cost-Sharing Negotiations With Washington
ÇÑ¹Ì ¹æÀ§ºñ Çù»ó Àç°³
With a new administration in Washington, Seoul welcomed the chance to resume SMA negotiations that have been stalled for nearly a year.
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By Mitch Shin February 09, 2021
Seoul and Washington said on February 5 that representatives in defense cost-sharing negotiations and officials from related ministries held the eighth round of the negotiations on the Special Measures Agreement (SMA). The two countries added that they would conclude the negotiations on sharing the defense cost of U.S. troops stationed in South Korea as soon as possible.
ÇÑ¹Ì ¾ç±¹Àº 5ÀÏ ±Ý¿äÀÏ ¹æÀ§ºñ ºÐ´ã±Ý Çù»ó ´ëÇ¥¿Í °ü·ÃºÎó °ü°èÀÚµéÀÌ ÇÑ¹Ì ¹æÀ§ºñ ºÐ´ã±Ý Ưº°ÇùÁ¤(SMA, Special Measures Agreement)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¦8Â÷ Çù»óÀ» ÁøÇàÇß´Ù°í ¹àÇû´Ù. ¾ç±¹Àº ÁÖÇѹ̱º ¹æÀ§ºñ ºÐ´ã±Ý Çù»óÀ» Á¶¼ÓÈ÷ Ÿ°áÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù.
South Korea¡¯s Foreign Ministry said it held serious discussions based on the spirit of the alliance to resolve the ongoing disagreements and reach a mutually acceptable agreement.
Çѱ¹ ¿Ü±³ºÎ´Â ±×°£ °è¼ÓµÈ ÀÌ°ßÀ» ÇؼÒÇÏ°í »óÈ£ ¼ö¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ ÇÕÀǸ¦ µµÃâÇϱâ À§ÇØ µ¿¸Í Á¤½Å¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÏ¿© ÁøÁöÇÑ ³íÀǸ¦ ÁøÇàÇß´Ù°í ¹àÇû´Ù.
¡°I think the time when the National Assembly approves the ratification will come soon,¡± former Foreign Minister Kang Kyung-wha said in her final interpellation session at the National Assembly regarding the SMA.
°°æÈ Àü ¿Ü±³ºÎ Àå°üÀº ±¹È¸ ´ëÁ¤ºÎ Áú¹®¿¡ ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î Âü¼®ÇÏ¿© ¹æÀ§ºñ ºÐ´ã±Ý Ưº°ÇùÁ¤¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ¡°±¹È¸ÀÇ ºñÁØ µ¿ÀǸ¦ ¹ÞÀ» ½Ã±â°¡ °ð ¿Ã °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù¡±°í ¹ß¾ðÇß´Ù.
Experts say new U.S. President Joe Biden¡¯s drive to achieve peace and prosperity on the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia based on cooperation with allies is behind the rapid resumption of stalled SMA between the two countries.
Àü¹®°¡µéÀº µ¿¸Í±¹°úÀÇ Çù·Â¿¡ ±â¹ÝÇÏ¿© Çѹݵµ¿Í µ¿ºÏ¾ÆÀÇ ÆòÈ¿Í ¹ø¿µÀ» ÀÌ·ç°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â Á¶ ¹ÙÀÌµç ¹Ì±¹ ½ÅÀÓ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ¿¸ÁÀÌ ±³Âø»óÅ¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ÇÑ¹Ì °£ ¹æÀ§ºñ ºÐ´ã±Ý Ưº°ÇùÁ¤ ³íÀǸ¦ ½Å¼ÓÈ÷ Àç°³ÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ ¹è°æÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
The two countries resumed negotiations after an 11-month gap following the seventh round of SMA talks in Los Angeles in March last year. Notably, the recent round was the first meeting since the Biden administration took office. During the presidential campaign, Biden had criticized former President Donald Trump¡¯s unilateral demand for allies to pay sharply increased defense costs. Experts expect the new administration to take a more measured approach to the cost-sharing question.
ÇÑ¹Ì ¾ç±¹Àº Áö³ÇØ 3¿ù ·Î½º¾ØÁ©·¹½º¿¡¼ °³ÃÖµÈ ÇÑ¹Ì ¹æÀ§ºñ ºÐ´ã±Ý Ưº°ÇùÁ¤¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¦7Â÷ ȸÀÇ ÀÌÈÄ 11°³¿ù ¸¸¿¡ Çù»óÀ» Àç°³Çß´Ù. ƯÈ÷, À̹ø ȸÀÇ´Â ¹ÙÀ̵ç ÇàÁ¤ºÎ°¡ Ãâ¹üÇÑ ÀÌÈÄ Ã¹ ¹ø° ȸµ¿À̾ú´Ù. ¹ÙÀÌµç ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ´ë¼± À¯¼¼ °úÁ¤¿¡¼ µµ³Îµå Æ®·³ÇÁ Àü ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ µ¿¸Í±¹µé¿¡°Ô ±Þ°ÝÈ÷ ÀλóµÈ ¹æÀ§ºñ¸¦ ºÎ´ãÇ϶ó°í ÀϹæÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ä±¸ÇÑ °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ºñÆÇÇß¾ú´Ù. Àü¹®°¡µéÀº »õ ÇàÁ¤ºÎ°¡ ºñ¿ë ºÐ´ã ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ Á» ´õ ½ÅÁßÇÏ°Ô Á¢±ÙÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óÇÑ´Ù.
The U.S. and South Korean negotiating teams tentatively agreed in March 2020 to raise South Korea¡¯s defense contributions by 13 percent but failed to reach a final agreement. At that time, the media reported that Trump had rejected the proposed agreement. The Trump administration demanded South Korea offer $5 billion a year toward the costs of hosting U.S. troops – more than five times the already record-high $900 million Seoul paid in the stopgap SMA that expired in 2019. Apparently Trump refused to budge from that astronomical figure, insisting that a wealthy country like South Korea should pay more. For Seoul, however, such a large hike was a ¡°non-starter.¡±
ÇÑ¹Ì Çù»ó´ÜÀº 2020³â 3¿ù Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¹æÀ§ºñ ºÐ´ã±ÝÀ» 13% ÀλóÇϱâ·Î ÀáÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ÇÕÀǸ¦ ÇÏ¿´À¸³ª ÃÖÁ¾ ÇÕÀÇ¿¡ À̸£Áö´Â ¸ø Çß´Ù. ´ç½Ã ¾ð·ÐÀº Æ®·³ÇÁ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ ÇÕÀǾÈÀ» ¹Ý·ÁÇß´Ù°í º¸µµÇß´Ù. Æ®·³ÇÁ ÇàÁ¤ºÎ´Â Çѱ¹¿¡ ¹Ì±º ÁֵРºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î ¿¬°£ 50¾ï ´Þ·¯¸¦ ³»¶ó°í ¿ä±¸Çߴµ¥, ÀÌ´Â Çѱ¹ÀÌ 2019³â¿¡ ¸¸·áµÈ ´Ü¹ß¼º ¹æÀ§ºñ ºÐ´ã±Ý Ưº°ÇùÁ¤¿¡ µû¶ó ´ç½Ã »ç»ó ÃÖ°í¾×À¸·Î ºÎ´ãÇß´ø 9¾ï ´Þ·¯ÀÇ 5¹è°¡ ³Ñ´Â ±Ý¾×À̾ú´Ù. Æ®·³ÇÁ´Â Çѱ¹ °°Àº ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ³ª¶ó´Â ´õ ¸¹Àº µ·À» ºÎ´ãÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇϸç õ¹®ÇÐÀûÀÎ ±Ý¾×À» °í¼öÇÑ µí º¸ÀδÙ. ±×·¯³ª Çѱ¹¿¡°Ô ±×·¯ÇÑ ±Þ°ÝÇÑ ÀλóÀº ¡°¾î¸²µµ ¾ø´Â ÀÏ¡±À̾ú´Ù.
Deadlock ensued, and the previous SMA expired – and with it, arrangements to pay the salaries of those employed at U.S. bases in South Korea. For the first time in history, 3,900 out of 9,000 South Korean employees in U.S. Forces Korea were forced into unpaid leave for nearly two months from April to June last year. The South Korean government and the National Assembly temporarily paid their salaries by enacting special laws and measures, amounting to about $200 million paid by the South Korean government.
±³Âø »óÅ°¡ À̾îÁ³°í, ±âÁ¸ ¹æÀ§ºñ ºÐ´ã Ưº°ÇùÁ¤Àº ¸¸·áµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ ÁÖÇÑ ¹Ì±ºÀÇ ±Ù·ÎÀڵ鿡 ´ëÇÑ ±Þ¿©°¡ ¸¶·ÃµÇ¾î¾ß Çß´Ù. »ç»ó ÃÖÃÊ·Î ÀÛ³â 4¿ùºÎÅÍ 6¿ù±îÁö µÎ ´Þ °¡±îÀÌ ÁÖÇÑ ¹Ì±º¿¡¼ ±Ù¹«ÇÏ´Â Çѱ¹ÀÎ Á÷¿ø 9õ ¸í Áß 3õ9¹é ¸í¿¡°Ô °Á¦ÀûÀÎ ¹«±Þ ÈÞ°¡°¡ ½ÃÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù. Çѱ¹ Á¤ºÎ¿Í ±¹È¸´Â Ưº°¹ý Á¦Á¤°ú Á¶Ä¡¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© À̵éÀÇ ±Þ¿©¸¦ Àӽ÷ΠÁö±ÞÇßÀ¸¸ç, ¾à 2¾ï ´Þ·¯¿¡ ´ÞÇÏ´Â ±Ý¾×Àº Çѱ¹ Á¤ºÎÀÇ Àç¿øÀ¸·Î Áö±ÞµÇ¾ú´Ù.
Kim Young-jun, a professor at Korea National Defense University told The Diplomat that the Biden administration is likely to ask for increased defense costs in a much more sophisticated way than the Trump administration¡¯s approach.
Çѱ¹ ±¹¹æ´ëÇб³ÀÇ ±è¿µÁØ ±³¼ö´Â ¹ÙÀ̵ç ÇàÁ¤ºÎ°¡ Æ®·³ÇÁ ÇàÁ¤ºÎÀÇ Á¢±Ù¹ý º¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ Á¤±³ÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¹æÀ§ºñ ÀλóÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í º»Áö¿¡ ¸»Çß´Ù.
¡°The cost of stationing U.S. troops in Korea should be considered in various aspects, including the symbolism, contribution, and utilization value of the U.S. troops,¡± Kim said, adding that South Korea¡¯s contributions to the defense costs are ¡°not small compared to that of Germany and Japan.¡±
±è ±³¼ö´Â ¡°ÁÖÇѹ̱ºÀÇ Áֵкñ¿ëÀº ¹Ì±ºÀÇ »ó¡¼º, ±â¿©µµ ¹× È°¿ë °¡Ä¡ µî ´Ù¾çÇÑ Ãø¸é¿¡¼ °ËÅäÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¡±¶ó¸ç ¹æÀ§ºñ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çѱ¹ÀÇ ºÐ´ã±ÝÀº ¡°µ¶ÀÏÀ̳ª ÀϺ»ÀÇ ºÐ´ã±Ý¿¡ ºñÇØ ÀûÁö ¾Ê´Ù¡±¶ó°í µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù.
The details of the most recent negotiations have not been disclosed. However, when South Korea negotiated the SMA with the United States during the Obama administration, increased defense costs were calculated based on the inflation rate, with an upper limit of 4 percent. As the Biden administration includes many familiar faces from the Obama team, experts cautiously expect that the new U.S. administration offers a better chance to reach a deal with Seoul.
À̹ø Çù»óÀÇ ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ³»¿ëÀº ¾ÆÁ÷ °ø°³µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Çѱ¹ÀÌ ¿À¹Ù¸¶ ÇàÁ¤ºÎ ½ÃÀý ¹Ì±¹°ú ¹æÀ§ºñ ºÐ´ã±Ý Ưº°ÇùÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇØ Çù»óÇÒ ¶§ ¹æÀ§ºñ Áõ¾×ºÐÀº ¹°°¡ »ó½Â·üÀ» ±âÃÊ·Î »êÁ¤µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, »óÇѼ±Àº 4%¿´´Ù. ¹ÙÀ̵ç ÇàÁ¤ºÎ¿¡ ¿À¹Ù¸¶ ÇàÁ¤ºÎ Ãâ½ÅÀÇ Àι°µéÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ Æ÷ÁøÇÏ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, Àü¹®°¡µéÀº ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ »õ ÇàÁ¤ºÎ°¡ Çѱ¹°ú ÇÕÀÇ¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ´õ ÁÁÀº ±âȸ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î Á¶½É½º·´°Ô ¿¹ÃøÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
At the same time, local media reported that the two countries agreed that negotiating defense cost-sharing every year would not help the relationship between the two countries, so the two countries should do it on a five-year basis to maintain a stable alliance. Previous SMAs had covered five-year periods, but the Trump administration had demanded to revisit the issue every year after the initial SMA expired on December 31, 2018.
ÀÌ¿Í ÇÔ²², ÇöÁö ¾ð·ÐÀº ÇÑ-¹Ì µÎ ³ª¶ó°¡ ¸Å³â ¹æÀ§ºñ ºÐ´ã±Ý Çù»óÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾ç±¹ °ü°è¿¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â ÀÇ°ßÀ» °°ÀÌÇÑ ¸¸Å ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÎ µ¿¸Í À¯Áö¸¦ À§ÇØ 5³â ´ÜÀ§·Î ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í º¸µµÇß´Ù. ÀÌÀü ÇÑ¹Ì ¹æÀ§ºñ ºÐ´ã Ưº°ÇùÁ¤Àº 5³â°£À» Æ÷°ýÇßÁö¸¸, Æ®·³ÇÁ ÇàÁ¤ºÎ´Â 2018³â 12¿ù 31ÀÏ ÇÑ¹Ì ¹æÀ§ºñ ºÐ´ã Ưº°ÇùÁ¤ÀÌ ¸¸·áµÈ ÈÄ, ¸Å³â ¹æÀ§ºñ ºÐ´ã ¹®Á¦¸¦ ´Ù½Ã Àç°³ÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸Çß¾ú´Ù.
Along with the Biden administration¡¯s clear pledge to restore relations with allies, some argue that the annual U.S.-South Korea joint military drills, usually scheduled in March, are the main reason for the resumption of negotiations.
µ¿¸Í±¹µé°úÀÇ °ü°è ȸº¹À» ¼±¾ðÇÑ ¹ÙÀ̵ç ÇàÁ¤ºÎÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, ¾î¶² À̵éÀº Åë»ó 3¿ù·Î ¿¹Á¤µÈ ¿¬·Ê ÇÑ¹Ì ¿¬ÇÕ±º»çÈÆ·ÃÀÌ Çù»ó Àç°³ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ¿øÀÎÀ̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù.
Since 2018, South Korea and the United States have partially reduced or postponed their joint military exercises in order to continue denuclearization negotiations with North Korea. In his New Year¡¯s press conference on January 18, South Korean President Moon Jae-in said that he could consult with North Korea, if necessary, regarding the resumption of the annual ROK-U.S. military drills in March.
2018³â ÀÌÈÄ ÇÑ-¹Ì ¾ç±¹Àº ºÏÇÑ°úÀÇ ºñÇÙÈ Çù»óÀ» Áö¼Ó½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ Çѹ̿¬ÇÕ±º»çÈÆ·ÃÀ» ºÎºÐÀûÀ¸·Î Ãà¼ÒÇϰųª ¿¬±âÇØ¿Ô´Ù. 1¿ù 18ÀÏ ½Å³â ±âÀÚȸ°ß¿¡¼ ¹®ÀçÀÎ ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é 3¿ù¿¡ ÀÖÀ» ¿¬·Ê ÇÑ-¹Ì ±º»çÈÆ·Ã Àç°³¿Í °ü·ÃÇØ ºÏÇÑ°ú ÇùÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù.
More recently, Seoul¡¯s new Foreign Minister Chung Eui-yong said that the joint military drills should continue but expressed skepticism about carrying out large-scale drills at his confirmation hearing last week.
ÃÖ±Ù µé¾î Çѱ¹ÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ¿ë ½ÅÀÓ ¿Ü±³ºÎ Àå°üÀº Áö³ ÁÖ Àλçû¹®È¸¿¡¼ ÇÕµ¿ ±º»çÈÆ·ÃÀº °è¼ÓµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸ ´ë±Ô¸ð ±º»çÈÆ·Ã ½Ç½Ã¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ȸÀÇÀûÀÎ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» º¸¿´´Ù.
However, the Biden administration has stressed the importance of the drills, arguing that North Korea¡¯s nuclear ballistic missile program is a grave threat and that the joint drills are defensive exercises not meant to be provocative. Given the different perspectives over the military drills between Seoul and Washington, experts say there could be a conflict between the two when it comes to a decision on whether to conduct the joint military drills. Both sides, however, should put the national security of the South first.
±×·¯³ª, ¹ÙÀ̵ç ÇàÁ¤ºÎ´Â ºÏÇÑÀÇ ÇÙźµÎ ¹Ì»çÀÏ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº Áß´ëÇÑ À§ÇùÀÌ¸ç ¿¬ÇÕÈÆ·ÃÀº µµ¹ßÀ» ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹æ¾îÀû ÈÆ·ÃÀ̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇϸç ÇÑ-¹Ì ¿¬ÇÕ±º»çÈÆ·ÃÀÇ Á߿伺À» °Á¶Çß´Ù. ÇÑ-¹Ì ±º»çÈƷÿ¡ ´ëÇÑ Çѱ¹°ú ¹Ì±¹Á¤ºÎÀÇ ½Ã°¢Â÷À̸¦ °¨¾ÈÇÒ ¶§, Àü¹®°¡µéÀº ÇÑ-¹Ì ¿¬ÇÕ±º»çÈÆ·Ã ½Ç½Ã ¿©ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °áÁ¤°ú °ü·ÃÇؼ ¾ç±¹ »çÀÌ¿¡ °¥µîÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í °üÃøÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾çÃø ¸ðµÎ ³²ÇÑÀÇ ±¹°¡ ¾Èº¸¸¦ ÃÖ¿ì¼±À¸·Î ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¡°Since the purpose of the joint military drills is peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula, we should not put the cart before the horse,¡± Kim said. The Korea National Defense University professor added that the drills can be flexibly adjusted to match national security needs and their importance should not be overemphasized.
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