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±â»ç ¹Ù·Î°¡±â: https://nyti.ms/37VGUFE

Answers to Your Questions About the New Covid Vaccines in the U.S.

¹Ì±¹ ½Å±Ô Äڷγª ¹é½Å¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ë´äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Vaccines are rolling out to health workers now and will reach the arms of the rest of us by spring. Here¡¯s what you need to know.

¹é½ÅÀº ÇöÀç ÀÇ·á Á¾»çÀڵ鿡°Ô Ãâ½ÃµÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¿ì¸® ÀϹÝÀÎÀº º½¿¡ Á¢Á¾ÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÒ »çÇ×Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

The Pfizer-BioNTech Covid vaccines are prepared to be shipped at a Pfizer plant on Dec. 13, 2020 in Portage, Michigan. Credit¡¦Pool photo by Morry Gash
2020³â 12¿ù 13ÀÏ ¹Ì½Ã°Ç ÁÖ Æ÷ƼÁö¿¡¼­ È­ÀÌÀÚ-¹ÙÀÌ¿À¿£ÅØ Äڷγª ¹é½ÅÀÌ Ãâ°í Áغñ ÁßÀÌ´Ù.

Published Dec. 14, 2020Updated Dec. 18, 2020

Who will get the vaccine first?

´©°¡ ¹é½ÅÀ» ÀÏÂ÷·Î Á¢Á¾ÇÏ°Ô µÇ³ª?

A nurse in Martinez, Calif. receives the vaccine on Tuesday.Credit¡¦Sarahbeth Maney for The New York Times
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Here¡¯s the expected order for vaccinations:

¿¹»óµÇ´Â ¹é½Å Á¢Á¾ ¼ø¼­´Â ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°´Ù :

Health care workers and people in long-term care facilities: The nation¡¯s 21 million health care workers and three million mostly elderly people living in long-term care facilities will go first, starting in December. Initially, there won¡¯t be enough doses to vaccinate all health care workers, so states will prioritize based on exposure risk, choosing emergency room staff, for instance, to go first. Or they may offer the vaccine to the oldest health care workers first.

ÀÇ·á Á¾»çÀÚ¿Í Àå±â ¿ä¾ç ½Ã¼³ °ÅÁÖÀÚ: ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ 2õ¹é¸¸ ¸íÀÇ ÀÇ·á Á¾»çÀÚ¿Í ´ëºÎºÐ °í·ÉÀÚÀÎ 3¹é¸¸ ¸íÀÇ Àå±â ¿ä¾ç ½Ã¼³ °ÅÁÖÀÚµéÀÌ ÃÖÃÊ Á¢Á¾ ´ë»óÀ̸ç 12¿ù¿¡ Á¢Á¾ÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵ȴÙ. Ãʱ⿡´Â ¸ðµç ÀÇ·á Á¾»çÀÚ°¡ Á¢Á¾ÇÒ ¸¸Å­ ¼ö·®ÀÌ ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °¢ ÁÖ Á¤ºÎ°¡ À§Çè ³ëÃâ Á¤µµ¿¡ ±â¹ÝÇÏ¿© ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§¸¦ ¸Å±æ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ÀÀ±Þ½Ç Á÷¿øÀÌ ÃÖÃÊ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ¼±ÅÃµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Æ´Ï¸é °í·ÉÀÇ ÀÇ·á Á¾»çÀÚ¿¡°Ô °¡Àå ¸ÕÀú ¹é½ÅÀÌ Á¦°øµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.

Essential workers: The 87 million Americans who work in food and agriculture, manufacturing, law enforcement, education, transportation, corrections, emergency response and other sectors, likely will be second in line, starting early next year. States will set priorities. Arkansas, for example, has proposed including workers in its large poultry industry, while Colorado wants to include ski industry workers who live in congregate housing.

Çʼö ³ëµ¿ÀÚ: ½ÄÇ° ¹× ³ó¾÷, Á¦Á¶, Ä¡¾È À¯Áö, ±³À°, ±³Åë, ±³Á¤½Ã¼³, ÀÀ±Þ´ëÀÀ ¾÷¹« ¹× ±× ¿Ü ºÐ¾ß¿¡¼­ Á¾»çÇÏ´Â 8õ7¹é¸¸ ¸íÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀÌ µÎ ¹ø° ´ë»óÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÌ¸ç ³»³â ÃÊ¿¡ Á¢Á¾ÀÌ ½ÃÀ۵ȴÙ. °¢ ÁÖÁ¤ºÎ°¡ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§¸¦ Á¤ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¾ÆÄ­¼Ò ÁÖ´Â ´ë±Ô¸ð ¾ç°è »ê¾÷ Á¾»çÀÚµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏÀÚ°í Á¦¾ÈÇÑ ¹Ý¸é Äݷζ󵵴 °øµ¿»ýÈ°ÁÖÅÿ¡ °ÅÁÖÇÏ´Â ½ºÅ° »ê¾÷ Á¾»çÀÚµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÅ°±æ ¿øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Adults with underlying medical conditions and people over 65. Health officials are hoping to get any remaining older adults who have not been vaccinated sometime in the first quarter. Some states might decide to vaccinate residents over 75 before some types of essential workers.

±âÀúÁúȯÀ» °¡Áø ¼ºÀΰú 65¼¼ ÀÌ»óÀÎ »ç¶÷. º¸°Ç´ç±¹ÀÚµéÀº 1/4ºÐ±â¿¡ Á¢Á¾ ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÑ °í·ÉÀÚµéÀÌ Á¢Á¾ ¹Þ±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶ó°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¾î¶² ÁÖ¿¡¼­´Â ÀϺΠÇʼö ³ëµ¿Àڵ鿡 ¾Õ¼­ 75¼¼ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÁÖ¹ÎÀÌ Á¢Á¾ ¹Þµµ·Ï °áÁ¤ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.

All other adults. Adults in the general population are at the back of the line. They could start receiving the vaccine as early as April, said Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, the nation¡¯s top infectious disease expert, although many people likely will have to wait until at least May or June. The vaccine hasn¡¯t been approved in children, so it may be several months, or possibly a year, before the vaccine is available for anyone under the age of 16. —Abby Goodnough, Tara Parker-Pope

³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ¼ºÀÎ. ÀÏ¹Ý ¼ºÀÎÀº °¡Àå ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ Á¢Á¾ÇÑ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ÃÖ°í °¨¿°º´ Àü¹®°¡ÀÎ ¾Ø¼­´Ï ÆÄ¿ìÄ¡ ¼ÒÀåÀº ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÃÖ¼Ò 5¿ùÀ̳ª 6¿ù±îÁö ±â´Ù·Á¾ß ÇÒ °Í °°Áö¸¸ ºü¸£¸é 4¿ùºÎÅÍ ÀÏ¹Ý ¼ºÀε鵵 Á¢Á¾À» ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ¹é½ÅÀÌ ¾î¸°ÀÌ¿¡°Ô ½ÂÀεÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¹Ç·Î 16¼¼ ¹Ì¸¸ÀÎ À̵鿡 ¹é½ÅÀ» Á¢Á¾Çϱâ±îÁö ¼ö°³¿ù ¶Ç´Â 1³âÀÌ °É¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

Why can¡¯t everyone get the vaccine now?

¿Ö ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Áö±Ý ¹é½ÅÀ» ¸ÂÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â°¡?

There aren¡¯t enough doses for everyone, so initially the vaccine will be rationed for those who need it most. It will take time to produce and distribute the vaccine, and then schedule two vaccinations per person, three to four weeks apart. As more vaccines get approved, things will speed up. At least 40 million doses (enough for 20 million people) should be available from Pfizer and Moderna by the end of the year, and much more will come in 2021. How many doses will your state get? Look up your state¡¯s vaccine distribution plans here. —Abby Goodnough

¹é½ÅÀÌ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸ÂÀ» Á¤µµ·Î ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Ãʱ⿡´Â °¡Àå ÇÊ¿äÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÇÒ´çµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹é½ÅÀ» »ý»êÇÏ°í À¯ÅëÇÏ´Â µ¥, ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ ÇÑ »ç¶÷´ç 3ÁÖ¿¡¼­ 4ÁÖÀÇ °£°ÝÀ» µÎ°í µÎ ¹ø Á¢Á¾ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÁ¤À» Àâ´Â µ¥¿¡ ½Ã°£ÀÌ °É¸°´Ù. ´õ ¸¹Àº ¹é½ÅÀÌ Çã°¡¸¦ ¹Þ°Ô µÇ¸é ¼Óµµ°¡ »¡¶óÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿Ã ¿¬¸»±îÁö È­ÀÌÀÚ¿Í ¸ð´õ³ª·ÎºÎÅÍ Àû¾îµµ 4õ¸¸ °³(2õ¸¸ ¸í ºÐ·®)ÀÇ ¹é½ÅÀÌ Á¶´ÞµÉ °ÍÀ̸ç 2021³â¿¡´Â ÈξÀ ´õ ¸¹Àº ¼ö·®ÀÌ °ø±ÞµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ °ÅÁÖÇÏ´Â ÁÖ´Â ¸î °³ÀÇ ¹é½ÅÀ» È®º¸Çߴ°¡? ÀÌ ¸µÅ©¿¡¼­ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ °ÅÁÖÇÏ´Â ÁÖÀÇ ¹é½Å °ø±Þ °èȹÀ» È®ÀÎ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

How will the first doses of the vaccine get to health workers?

ÃÖÃÊ ¹é½ÅÀº ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÇ·á Á¾»çÀڵ鿡°Ô Á¦°øµÇ´Â°¡?

Hospitals and medical groups are contacting health workers to schedule vaccine appointments. FedEx and UPS will transport the vaccine throughout most of the country, and each delivery will be followed by shipments of extra dry ice a day later.

º´¿ø°ú ÀÇ·á´Üü°¡ ¹éÁø Á¢Á¾ ÀÏÁ¤À» Àâ±â À§ÇØ ÀÇ·áÁ¾»çÀÚµé°ú Á¢ÃËÇÑ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ Æ䵦½º¿Í UPS°¡ ¹é½ÅÀ» ¿î¼ÛÇÒ °ÍÀ̸ç, ¹è¼Û ´ÙÀ½ ³¯ ¿©ºÐÀÇ µå¶óÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̽º°¡ ¹è¼ÛµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Pfizer designed special containers, with trackers and enough dry ice to keep the doses sufficiently cold for up to 10 days. Every truck carrying the containers will have a device that tracks its location, temperature, light exposure and motion. Pfizer will ship the special coolers, each containing at least 1,000 doses, directly to locations determined by each state¡¯s governor. At first, almost all of those sites will probably be hospitals that have confirmed they can store shipments at minus 94 degrees Fahrenheit, as the Pfizer vaccine requires, or use them quickly. —Abby Goodnough

È­ÀÌÀÚ´Â À§Ä¡ÃßÀû±â°¡ ºÎÂøµÇ°í ¹é½ÅÀ» 10ÀÏ °£ Â÷°©°Ô À¯Áö½ÃÄÑÁÙ ºÐ·®ÀÇ µå¶óÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̽º°¡ µé¾î Àִ Ư¼ö ¿ë±â¸¦ ¼³°èÇß´Ù. Ư¼ö ¿ë±â¸¦ ¿î¹ÝÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç Æ®·°Àº À§Ä¡, ¿Âµµ, ºû ³ëÃâ, ¿òÁ÷ÀÓÀ» ÃßÀûÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀåÄ¡¸¦ ´Þ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. È­ÀÌÀÚ´Â °¢ÁÖÀÇ ÁÖÁö»ç°¡ ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ Àå¼Ò·Î ÃÖ¼Ò Ãµ °³ÀÇ ¹é½ÅÀ» ´ã°í Àִ Ư¼ö ³Ã°¢ÀåÄ¡¸¦ Á÷¹è¼ÛÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Ãʱ⿡´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Àå¼Ò´Â È­ÀÌÀÚ°¡ ¿ä±¸ÇÑ ´ë·Î ¼·¾¾ ¿µÇÏ 70µµ¿¡¼­ ¹é½ÅÀ» º¸°üÇÒ ¼ö Àְųª »¡¸® »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¸í½ÃÇÑ º´¿øÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

How will the vaccine get to nursing homes?

¹é½ÅÀº ¾î¶»°Ô ¿ä¾ç¿ø¿¡ Á¦°øµÇ´Â°¡?

The pharmacy chains CVS and Walgreens have contracts with the federal government to send teams of pharmacists and support staff into thousands of long-term care facilities in the coming weeks to vaccinate all willing residents and staff members. CVS and Walgreens are both planning to administer their first vaccinations on Dec. 21.

¾à±¹ üÀÎÀÎ CVS¿Í ¿ù±×¸°½º´Â ¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎ¿Í °è¾àÀ» ü°áÇÏ¿© ÇâÈÄ ¸î ÁÖ°£ ¾à»ç¿Í Áö¿ø ½ºÅÂÇÁ·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ÆÀÀ» ¼öõ °³ÀÇ Àå±â ¿ä¾ç ½Ã¼³·Î ÆÄ°ßÇÏ¿© Á¢Á¾ ÀÇÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ½Ã¼³ °ÅÁÖÀÚ¿Í Á÷¿øµé¿¡°Ô Á¢Á¾À» ½ÃÇàÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. CVS¿Í ¿ù±×¸°½º ¸ðµÎ 12¿ù 21ÀÏ¿¡ ù ¹é½Å Á¢Á¾À» ½Ç½ÃÇÒ °èȹÀÌ´Ù.

More than 40,000 facilities have chosen to work with CVS. Nearly 35,000 picked Walgreens. Each U.S. state has already picked, or will soon pick, either the Pfizer or the Moderna vaccine for all of its long-term care facilities that will be working with the pharmacies. —Rebecca Robbins, Abby Goodnough

4¸¸ °³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ±â°üÀÌ CVS¸¦ ¼±Á¤Çß°í ¾à 3¸¸5õ °³ÀÇ ±â°üÀÌ ¿ù±×¸°½º¸¦ ¼±Á¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ °¢ ÁÖ´Â ¾à»çµé°ú Á¢Á¾ ¾÷¹«¸¦ ÇÒ Àå±â ¿ä¾ç ±â°ü¿¡ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇØ È­ÀÌÀÚ ¶Ç´Â ¸ð´õ³ªÀÇ ¹é½ÅÀ» ÀÌ¹Ì ¼±ÅÃÇ߰ųª °ð ¼±ÅÃÇÒ ¿¹Á¤ÀÌ´Ù.

How will the rest of us get vaccinated?

³ª¸ÓÁö »ç¶÷µéÀº ¾î¶»°Ô ¹é½Å Á¢Á¾À» ¸Â°Ô µÇ³ª?

When the vaccine is more widely available, shots will be handed out similarly to flu shots — through clinics and pharmacies. Credit¡¦Brian Kaiser for The New York Times

¹é½ÅÀÌ ´õ ³Î¸® º¸±ÞµÇ¸é, µ¶°¨ ¿¹¹æÁÖ»ç¿Í À¯»çÇÏ°Ô º´¿ø°ú ¾à±¹À» ÅëÇØ Á¢Á¾µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

It¡¯s likely that when the general public starts getting vaccinated in April, shots will be scheduled through doctor¡¯s offices, CVS, Walgreens and other pharmacies — the same way people get flu shots. However, final plans will depend on what other vaccines besides Pfizer¡¯s and Moderna¡¯s have been approved. —Abby Goodnough, Rebecca Robbins

ÀϹÝÀεéÀÌ ¹é½ÅÀ» Á¢Á¾Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÒ 4¿ùÀÌ¸é µ¶°¨ Á¢Á¾À» ÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÀÇ»çÀÇ Áø·á½Ç, CVS, ¿ù±×¸°½º ¹× ±× ¿Ü ¾à±¹À» ÅëÇؼ­ Á¢Á¾ ÀÏÁ¤À» Àâ°Ô µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÃÖÁ¾ °èȹÀº È­ÀÌÀÚ¿Í ¸ð´õ³ª¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ¹é½ÅÀÇ Çã°¡¿¡ ´Þ·ÁÀÖ´Ù.

Is the vaccine free?

¹é½ÅÀº ¹«·áÀΰ¡?

You should not have to pay anything out of pocket to get the vaccine, although you will be asked for insurance information. If you don¡¯t have insurance, you should still be given the vaccine at no charge. Congress passed legislation this spring that bars insurers from applying any cost sharing, such as a co-payment or deductible. It layered on additional protections barring pharmacies, doctors and hospitals from billing patients, including those who are uninsured. Even so, health experts do worry that patients might stumble into loopholes that leave them vulnerable to surprise bills. This could happen to those who are charged a doctor visit fee along with their vaccine, or Americans who have certain types of health coverage that do not fall under the new rules. If you get your vaccine from a doctor¡¯s office or urgent care clinic, talk to them about potential hidden charges. To be sure you won¡¯t get a surprise bill, the best bet is to get your vaccine at a pharmacy once the shots become available. Read more here. —Sarah Kliff

º¸Çè °ü·Ã Á¤º¸¸¦ ¿ä±¸¹Þ°ÚÁö¸¸ ¹é½ÅÀ» ¸Â±â À§ÇØ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÁöºÒÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ºñ¿ëÀº ¾ø´Ù. º¸ÇèÀÌ ¾ø¾îµµ ¹«·á·Î ¹é½ÅÀ» Á¢Á¾ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±¹È¸´Â ¿Ãº½¿¡ º¸Çè»ç°¡ ÇǺ¸ÇèÀÚ¿¡°Ô û±¸ÇÏ´Â °øµ¿ºÎ´ãÀ̳ª °øÁ¦±Ý¾× µî°ú °°Àº ºñ¿ë ºÐ´ãÀ» ÀÏü ±ÝÁöÇÏ´Â ¹ý¾ÈÀ» Åë°ú½ÃÄ×´Ù. ¾à»ç, ÀÇ»ç ¹× º´¿øÀÌ º¸Çè ¹Ì°¡ÀÔÀÚµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ȯÀڵ鿡°Ô ºñ¿ëÀ» û±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·´Â Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ º¸È£ÀåÄ¡°¡ ¸¶·ÃµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í º¸°Ç Àü¹®°¡µéÀº ȯÀÚµéÀÌ Á¦µµÀÇ »ç°¢Áö´ë¿¡ ºüÁ®¼­ °©ÀÛ½º·¯¿î ºñ¿ë û±¸·Î ÇÇÇظ¦ ÀÔ°Ô µÉ±îºÁ ¿ì·ÁÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÏÀº ¹é½Å Á¢Á¾°ü·Ã ÀÇ»ç ¹æ¹® ºñ¿ëÀ» û±¸¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷À̳ª »õ·Î¿î ±ÔÁ¤ÀÇ Àû¿ëÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê´Â ƯÁ¤ÇÑ À¯ÇüÀÇ °Ç°­º¸ÇèÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Â ¹Ì±¹Àε鿡°Ô ÀϾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀÇ»çÀÇ Áø·á½ÇÀ̳ª ÀÀ±Þ Áø·á º´¿ø¿¡¼­ ¹é½ÅÀ» Á¢Á¾ÇÑ´Ù¸é ¼ûÀº ºñ¿ëÀÌ ÀÖÀ»Áö ¹°¾îº¸¶ó. °©ÀÚ½º·¯¿î Áø·áºñ û±¸¼­¸¦ ¹ÞÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ» È®½ÇÈ÷ Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ ÃÖ»óÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀº Á¢Á¾ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇØÁú ¶§ ¾à±¹¿¡¼­ ¹é½ÅÀ» Á¢Á¾¹Þ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

If supply is limited, is there a risk it will run out before I get my second dose?

¸¸¾à °ø±ÞÀÌ Á¦Çѵȴٸé, 2Â÷ Á¢Á¾À» ¾ÕµÎ°í ¹é½ÅÀÌ µ¿³¯ ¼öµµ Àִ°¡?

Nobody¡¯s giving away your shot! If you are in the first group of people vaccinated, your booster shot will be set aside for you and won¡¯t be given to someone else. Later when supplies are more plentiful, reserves probably won¡¯t be necessary. Gen. Gustave F. Perna, the chief operating officer for Operation Warp Speed, the federal effort to speed a vaccine to market, has said that after the first doses are given, the doses earmarked for the second shot will be set aside to be given three weeks later. An additional 500,000 backup doses will also be held in reserve, in case they are unexpectedly needed. ¡°Eventually, we will become much more confident in our manufacturing, our distribution process, state handling, et cetera,¡± said Gen. Perna. ¡°And then the requirement for reserve won¡¯t be necessary.¡± —Katie Thomas

¾Æ¹«µµ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÁÖ»çÁ¦¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÁÖÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¹é½Å 1Â÷ Á¢Á¾À» ¹Þ´Â´Ù¸é, 2Â÷ ÁÖ»çÁ¦´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀ» À§ÇØ º°µµ º¸°üµÉ °ÍÀÌ°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô °¡Áö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ³ªÁß¿¡ °ø±Þ·®ÀÌ ¸¹¾ÆÁö°Ô µÇ¸é, ¾Æ¸¶µµ ÁÖ»çÁ¦¸¦ º°µµ·Î º¸°üÇØµÑ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø¾îÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹é½ÅÀ» ½Å¼ÓÇÏ°Ô ½ÃÀå¿¡ ³»³õ±â À§ÇÑ ¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎÀÇ ³ë·ÂÀÇ ÀÏȯÀÎ ÃÊ°í¼Ó ÀÛÀü(Operation Warp Speed)ÀÇ ÃÖ°í ¿î¿µ Ã¥ÀÓÀÚÀÎ ±¸½ºÅ¸ºê Æ丣³ª À屺Àº óÀ½ ¹é½ÅÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ ÈÄ 2Â÷ Á¢Á¾À» À§ÇØ ¹èÁ¤µÈ ¹é½ÅÀº º°µµ·Î º¸°üµÇ¾ú´Ù°¡ 3ÁÖ ÈÄ Á¦°øµÉ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. 50¸¸ °³ÀÇ Ãß°¡ ¹é½Å ¿ª½Ã ¿¹±âÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ ¼ö¿ä¿¡ ´ëºñÇØ ¿¹ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î º¸°üµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Æ丣³ª À屺Àº ¡°ÀÏÁ¤ ±â°£ ÈÄ ¿ì¸®´Â Á¦Á¶, À¯Åë °úÁ¤, Á¤ºÎÀÇ ÀÏó¸® µî¿¡ ÀڽۨÀ» ´õ °®°Ô µÉ °Í¡±À̶ó¸ç, ¡°±×·¯¸é ¿¹ºñ¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çʿ伺µµ »ç¶óÁú °Í¡±À̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

Can I choose which vaccine I get?

¾î¶² ¹é½ÅÀ» Á¢Á¾ÇÒ °ÍÀÎÁö º»ÀÎÀÌ °í¸¦ ¼ö Àִ°¡?

This depends on a number of factors, including the supply in your area at the time you¡¯re vaccinated and whether certain vaccines are found to be more effective in certain populations, such as older adults. At first, the only choice will be Pfizer¡¯s vaccine, though Moderna¡¯s could become available within weeks. —Abby Goodnough

ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Á¢Á¾ÇÏ´Â ½ÃÁ¡¿¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ °ÅÁÖÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Áö¿ªÀÇ °ø±ÞÇöȲ, ƯÁ¤ ¹é½ÅÀÌ °í·ÉÃþ°ú °°ÀÌ Æ¯Á¤ÇÑ Áý´Ü¿¡ ´õ È¿°úÀûÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÇ´ÂÁö ¿©ºÎ µî ¿©·¯ ¿äÀο¡ ´Þ·ÁÀÖ´Ù. ºñ·Ï ¼ö ÁÖÀÏ ³»¿¡ ¸ð´õ³ªÀÇ ¹é½ÅÀÌ °ø±ÞµÇ°ÚÁö¸¸, Ãʱâ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¼±ÅÃÁö´Â È­ÀÌÀÚ ¹é½ÅÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

How long will it take to work?

¾ó¸¶³ª ¿À·§µ¿¾È ¾àÈ¿°¡ Áö¼ÓµÇ³ª?

You won¡¯t get the full protection from the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine until about a week after the second dose, based on clinical trial data. The researchers found that the vaccine¡¯s protection started to emerge about ten days after the first dose, but it only reached 52 percent efficacy, according to a report in the New England Journal of Medicine. A week after the second dose, the efficacy rose to 95 percent. Read more here. —Carl Zimmer, Noah Weiland

ÀÓ»ó½ÃÇè µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇØ º¸ÀÚ¸é, 2Â÷ Á¢Á¾À» ÇÑ ÈÄ 1ÁÖÀÏ Á¤µµ°¡ Áö³ª¾ß È­ÀÌÀÚ-¹ÙÀÌ¿À¿£ÅØ ¹é½Å¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¿ÂÀüÇÑ º¸È£¸¦ ¹Þ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ºÀ×±Û·£µå ÀÇÇÐ Àú³Î¿¡ °ÔÀçµÈ º¸°í¼­¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ¹é½ÅÀÇ º¸È£°¡ 1Â÷ Á¢Á¾ 10ÀÏ ÈĺÎÅÍ ³ªÅ¸³ª±â ½ÃÀÛÇßÁö¸¸ ¹é½ÅÀÇ È¿´ÉÀº 52%¿¡ ºÒ°úÇßÀ½À» ¿¬±¸ÁøÀÌ ¹àÇô³Â´Ù. 2Â÷ Á¢Á¾ ÀÏÁÖÀÏ ÈÄ È¿´ÉÀº 95%¿¡ ´ÞÇß´Ù.

Will it hurt? What are the side effects?

¾ÆÇñî? ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?

The injection into your arm won¡¯t feel different than any other vaccine, but the rate of short-lived side effects does appear higher than a flu shot. Tens of thousands of people have already received the vaccines, and none of them have reported any serious health problems. The side effects, which can resemble the symptoms of Covid-19, last about a day and appear more likely after the second dose. Early reports from vaccine trials suggest some people might need to take a day off from work because they feel lousy after receiving the second dose. In the Pfizer study, about half developed fatigue. Other side effects occurred in at least 25 to 33 percent of patients, sometimes more, including headaches, chills and muscle pain.

ÆÈ¿¡ Áֻ縦 ¸Â´Â °ÍÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¹é½Å Á¢Á¾°ú ´À³¦ÀÌ ´Ù¸£Áö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸ ´Ü±â ºÎÀÛ¿ë ºñÀ²Àº µ¶°¨ ¿¹¹æ Á¢Á¾ º¸´Ù´Â ³ôÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù. ¼ö¸¸ ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹é½ÅÀ» ÀÌ¹Ì Á¢Á¾À» Çß°í, ±× Áß ¾î¶°ÇÑ Ä¡¸íÀûÀÎ °Ç°­ ¹®Á¦µµ º¸°íµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀº Äڷγª19ÀÇ Áõ¼¼¿Í À¯»çÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÇÏ·ç Á¤µµ Áö¼ÓµÇ´Âµ¥ 2Â÷ Á¢Á¾ ÈÄ ³ªÅ¸³¯ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ´õ ³ô´Ù. ¹é½Å ÀÓ»ó½ÃÇèÀÇ Ãʱ⠺¸°í¼­´Â ÀϺΠ»ç¶÷µéÀÌ 2Â÷ Á¢Á¾ ÈÄ ÄÁµð¼ÇÀÌ ÁÁÁö ¾Ê¾Æ ÇÏ·ç ÈÞ°¡¸¦ ³»¾ßÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ½À» ½Ã»çÇÑ´Ù. È­ÀÌÀÚÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â Àý¹Ý °¡·®ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÇÇ°ïÇÔÀ» ´À²¼´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀº ÃÖ¼Ò 25%¿¡¼­ 33%, ¶§·Î´Â ±× ÀÌ»óÀÇ È¯ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ³ªÅ¸³µÀ¸¸ç, µÎÅë, ¿ÀÇÑ, ±ÙÀ°Åë µîÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

While these experiences aren¡¯t pleasant, they are a good sign that your own immune system is mounting a potent response to the vaccine that will provide long-lasting immunity. —Abby Goodnough, Carl Zimmer

ºñ·Ï ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æÇèÀÌ Áñ°ÌÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸é¿ª ü°è°¡ ¹é½Å¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °­ÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» Å°¿ö Àå±âÀûÀ¸·Î Áö¼ÓµÉ ¸é¿ª·ÂÀ» Á¦°øÇØÁÙ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ÁÁÀº ½ÅÈ£°¡ µÈ´Ù.

How do I know it¡¯s safe?

¾ÈÀüÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ³ª?

Each company¡¯s application to the F.D.A. includes two months of follow-up safety data from Phase 3 of clinical trials conducted by universities and other independent bodies. In that phase, tens of thousands of volunteers got a vaccine and waited to see if they became infected, compared with others who received a placebo. By September, Pfizer¡¯s trial had 44,000 participants; no serious safety concerns have been reported. — Abby Goodnough

°¢ Á¦¾à»ç°¡ ¹Ì±¹ ½ÄÇ°ÀǾ౹(FDA)¿¡ Á¦ÃâÇÑ ½Åû¼­¿¡´Â ´ëÇаú ±âŸ µ¶¸³ ±â°üÀÌ ½Ç½ÃÇÑ ÀÓ»ó 3»ó¿¡¼­ 2°³¿ù°£ ÃßÀû °Ë»çÇÑ ¾ÈÀü¼º µ¥ÀÌÅÍ°¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. ÇØ´ç ´Ü°è¿¡¼­´Â ¼ö¸¸ ¸íÀÇ Áö¿øÀÚ°¡ ¹é½ÅÀ» Á¢Á¾Çß°í °¡Â¥ ¾àÀ» Á¢Á¾ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé°ú ºñ±³ÇÏ¿© ÀڽŵéÀÌ °¨¿°µÇ´ÂÁö °üÂûÇß´Ù. 9¿ù±îÁö È­ÀÌÀÚÀÇ ÀÓ»ó½ÃÇè¿¡´Â 4¸¸4õ ¸íÀÇ È¯ÀÚ°¡ Âü¿©ÇßÀ¸¸ç ½É°¢ÇÑ ¾ÈÀü¼º ¿ì·Á´Â º¸°íµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.

If I have allergies, should I be concerned?

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People with severe allergies who have experienced anaphylaxis in the past should talk to their doctors about how to safely get the vaccine and what precautions to take. Although severe reactions to vaccines are rare, two health care workers had anaphylaxis after receiving the vaccine on the first day it became available in Britain. Both workers, who had a history of severe reactions, were treated and have recovered. (Anaphylaxis can be life-threatening, with impaired breathing and drops in blood pressure that usually occur within minutes or even seconds after exposure to a food, medicine or substance like latex.) For now, British authorities have said the vaccine should not be given to anyone who has ever had an anaphylactic reaction, but U.S. health experts have said such warnings are premature because severe reactions can be treated or prevented with medications. Because of the British cases, the F.D.A. said it would require Pfizer to increase its monitoring for anaphylaxis and submit data on it once the vaccine comes into use. Fewer than one in a million recipients of other vaccines a year in the U.S. have an anaphylactic reaction, said Dr. Paul Offit, a vaccine expert at Children¡¯s Hospital of Philadelphia.

°ú°Å¿¡ ¾Æ³ªÇʶô½Ã½º¸¦ °æÇèÇØ º» Àû ÀÖ´Â ½É°¢ÇÑ ¾Ë·¯Áö º¸À¯ÀÚ´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ¹é½ÅÀ» ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô Á¢Á¾ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö, ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¿¹¹æÃ¥À» ÃëÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö ÀÇ»ç¿Í »ó´ãÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¹é½Å¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½É°¢ÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ µå¹°±ä ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­ µÎ ¸íÀÇ ÀÇ·á Á¾»çÀÚ°¡ ¹é½ÅÀ» Á¢Á¾ÇÑ Ã¹ ³¯ ¾Æ³ªÇʶô½Ã½º ¹ÝÀÀÀ» º¸¿´´Ù. µÎ ¸í ¸ðµÎ °ú°Å ½É°¢ÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀ ÀÌ·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú°í, Ä¡·á¸¦ ¹Þ°í ȸº¹Çß´Ù. (¾Æ³ªÇʶô½Ã½º´Â º¸Åë ½ÄÇ°, ÀǾàÇ° ¶Ç´Â ¶óÅؽº °°Àº ¼ººÐ¿¡ ³ëÃâµÈ Áö ¸î ºÐ ¶Ç´Â ¸î ÃÊ ³»¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇϸç, È£Èí Àå¾Ö ¹× Ç÷¾Ð ÀúÇÏ·Î ÀÎÇØ »ý¸íÀ» À§ÇùÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.) ÇöÀç ¿µ±¹ ´ç±¹ÀÚµéÀº ¾Æ³ªÇʶô½Ã½º ¹ÝÀÀÀ» º¸ÀÎ ÀÌ·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â ¹é½ÅÁ¢Á¾À» Çؼ­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù°í ¸»ÇßÁö¸¸, ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ º¸°Ç Àü¹®°¡µéÀº ±×·± °æ°í°¡ ¼²ºÎ¸£´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ½É°¢ÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÀº Ä¡·áÇϰųª ¾à¹°·Î ¿¹¹æÇÒ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¿µ±¹ÀÇ »ç·Ê ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹Ì±¹ ½ÄÇ°ÀǾ౹Àº ¹é½ÅÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ±â ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¸é ¾Æ³ªÇʶô½Ã½º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µÀ» °­È­ÇÏ°í °ü·Ã µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ Á¦ÃâÇϵµ·Ï È­ÀÌÀú¿¡ ¿ä±¸ÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. Çʶóµ¨ÇÇ¾Æ ¾Æµ¿º´¿øÀÇ ¹é½Å Àü¹®°¡ÀÎ Æú ¿ÀÇÇÆ® ¹Ú»ç´Â ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ ÇÑ ÇØ¿¡ ÀÏ¹Ý ¹é½ÅÀ» Á¢Á¾ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ Áß ¾Æ³ªÇʶô½Ã½º ¹ÝÀÀÀ» º¸ÀÌ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ¹é¸¸ ¸í Áß 1¸íµµ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

Among those who participated in the Pfizer trials, a very small number of people had allergic reactions. A document published by the F.D.A. said that 0.63 percent of participants who received the vaccine reported potential allergic reactions, compared to 0.51 percent of people who received a placebo. In Pfizer¡¯s late-stage clinical trial, one of the 18,801 participants who received the vaccine had an anaphylactic reaction, according to safety data published by the F.D.A. on Tuesday. None in the placebo group did. Read more here. — Denise Grady

È­ÀÌÀÚÀÇ ÀÓ»ó½ÃÇè¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÑ »ç¶÷ Áß ±Ø¼Ò¼öÀÇ »ç¶÷¸¸ÀÌ ¾Ë·¯Áö ¹ÝÀÀÀ» º¸¿´´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ ½ÄÇ°ÀǾ౹ÀÌ ¹ßÇàÇÑ ¹®¼­¿¡ µû¸£¸é ¹é½ÅÀ» Á¢Á¾ÇÑ Âü¿©ÀÚ Áß 0.63%°¡ ÀáÀçÀû ¾Ë·¯Áö ¹ÝÀÀÀ» º¸¿´À¸¸ç, °¡Â¥ ¾àÀ» Á¢Á¾ÇÑ »ç¶÷ Áß¿¡´Â 0.51%°¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» º¸¿´´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. 15ÀÏ È­¿äÀÏ ¹Ì±¹ ½ÄÇ°ÀǾ౹ÀÌ ¹ßÇàÇÑ ¾ÈÀü¼º µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿¡ µû¸£¸é È­ÀÌÀÚÀÇ ÈÄ¹Ý ´Ü°è ÀÓ»ó ½ÃÇè¿¡¼­ ¹é½ÅÀ» Á¢Á¾ÇÑ 18,801¸íÀÇ Âü°¡ÀÚ Áß ÇÑ ¸íÀÌ ¾Æ³ªÇʶô½Ã½º ÀûÀÎ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» º¸¿´´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. °¡Â¥ ¾à Åõ¾à ±×·ì¿¡¼­´Â ¾ø¾ú´Ù.

What will happen if serious side effects crop up after the vaccine is rolled out?

¸¸¾à ¹é½ÅÀÌ ³ª¿Â ÈÄ ½É°¢ÇÑ ºÎÀÛ¿ëÀÌ »ý±ä´Ù¸é ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀÌ ¹ú¾îÁú °ÍÀΰ¡?

Once a vaccine starts to reach large numbers of people, it¡¯s possible (and not uncommon) for a small number of severe ¡°adverse events¡± to occur. Many existing vaccines, including the flu shot, also can cause rare complications, including Guillain–Barré syndrome, seizures and sudden unexplained death. While this sounds frightening, the risk is minuscule when considered over the millions of people who are safely vaccinated each year, and some of these complications can be triggered by the virus itself. Health officials will investigate each event to see if it¡¯s simply coincidence — or if it could have been caused by the vaccine. While everyone should be prepared to hear about these reports, they should not be a cause for worry or prompt you to delay getting the vaccine. Your risk of severe complications from Covid-19 is far higher than your risk of complications from the vaccine. Read more here. —Donald G. McNeil Jr.

¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¹é½ÅÀ» Á¢Á¾Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇϸé, ¼Ò¼öÀÇ ½É°¢ÇÑ ¡°ºÎÁ¤Àû »ç·Ê¡±°¡ (µå¹°Áö ¾Ê°Ô) ÀϾ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. µ¶°¨ ¿¹¹æ Á¢Á¾À» ºñ·ÔÇÏ¿© ÇöÁ¸ÇÏ´Â ¸¹Àº ¹é½Å ¿ª½Ã ±æ·À-¹Ù·¹ ÁõÈıº, ¹ßÀÛ ¹× µ¹¿¬»ç °°Àº Èñ±ÍÇÑ ÇÕº´ÁõÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ºñ·Ï ÀÌ·± ¸»ÀÌ ¹«¼·°Ô µé¸®°ÚÁö¸¸, ¼ö¹é¸¸ ¸í ÀÌ»óÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¸Å³â ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ¹é½ÅÀ» Á¢Á¾ÇÏ°í, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇÕº´Áõ Áß ÀϺδ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ÀÚü¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» °í·ÁÇϸé À§Ç輺Àº ¾ÆÁÖ Àû´Ù. º¸°Ç ´ç±¹ÀÚµéÀº ´Ü¼ø ¿ì¿¬¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¶Ç´Â ¹é½Å¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¹ß»ýÇÑ °ÍÀÎÁö °¢°¢ÀÇ »ç°ÇÀ» Á¶»çÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º¸°í¸¦ µéÀ» Áغñ°¡ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±×·¸´Ù°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀÌ ¿ì·Á³ª ¹é½Å Á¢Á¾À» Áö¿¬½ÃÅ°´Â ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÇ¾î¼­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. Äڷγª 19·Î ÀÎÇØ ½É°¢ÇÑ ÇÕº´ÁõÀ» ¾ò°Ô µÉ À§Ç輺ÀÌ ¹é½ÅÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ½É°¢ÇÑ ÇÕº´ÁõÀ» ¾ò°Ô µÉ À§Ç輺 º¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ ³ô´Ù.

I had Covid-19 already. Do I need the vaccine?

Äڷγª¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì °É·È´Âµ¥ ¹é½ÅÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ°¡?

It¡¯s safe, and probably even beneficial, for anyone who has had Covid to get the vaccine at some point, experts said. Although people who have contracted the virus do have immunity, it is too soon to know how long it lasts. So for now, it makes sense for them to get the shot. The question is when. Some members of the C.D.C. advisory committee have suggested people who have had Covid in the past 90 days should be toward the back of the line.Read more here. —Abby Goodnough, Apoorva Mandavilli

Äڷγª¿¡ °É¸° »ç¶÷ ¸ðµÎ ¾î´À ½Ã±â¿£°¡´Â ¹é½ÅÀ» ¸Â´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°í ÀÌ·Î¿ï ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù°í Àü¹®°¡µéÀº ¸»Çß´Ù. Äڷγª¿¡ °¨¿°µÈ »ç¶÷µéÀº Äڷγª¿¡ ¸é¿ª·Â¸¦ °¡ÁöÁö¸¸ ÀÌ ¸é¿ª·ÂÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª Áö¼ÓµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾ÆÁ÷ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ Äڷγª °¨¿°Àڵ鵵 ¹é½ÅÀ» Á¢Á¾ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Å¸´çÇÑ µíÇÏ´Ù. ¹®Á¦´Â ½Ã±âÀÌ´Ù. CDC ÀÚ¹®À§¿øȸÀÇ ÀϺΠÀ§¿øµéÀº Áö³­ 90ÀÏ ³»¿¡ Äڷγª¸¦ ¾Î¾Ò´ø »ç¶÷µéÀº Äڷγª ¹é½Å ´ë±â ¸í´ÜÀÇ ¸Ç µÚ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù°í Á¦¾ÈÇß´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ »çÇ×Àº ¡®¿©±â¡¯¿¡ ±â¼úµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

Will it work on older people?

³ëÀε鿡°Ôµµ Äڷγª ¹é½ÅÀÌ À¯È¿ÇÑ°¡?

Frank Bruno, 95, participated in a trial for the Moderna vaccine. Credit¡¦Cassidy Araiza for The New York Times
¸ð´õ³ª ¹é½Å ÀÓ»ó¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÑ ÇÁ¶ûÅ© ºê·ç³ë(95¼¼)¾¾.

All the evidence we have so far suggests that the answer is yes. The clinical trials for the two leading vaccines have shown that they work about the same in older people as younger people. As the vaccines get distributed, the vaccine makers and the C.D.C. will continue to monitor the effectiveness of the vaccine in people 65 and older who, because of age-related changes in their immune systems, often don¡¯t respond as well to vaccination as younger people do. But just as certain flu vaccines have been developed to evoke a stronger immune response in older people, it¡¯s possible that one of the new vaccines could emerge as a better option for this age group. It¡¯s just far too soon to know. Read more here. —Carl Zimmer

Áö±Ý±îÁö ¸ð¾ÆÁø Áõ°Å¿¡ µû¸£¸é ´äÀº ¡®±×·¸´Ù¡¯ÀÌ´Ù. µÎ ÁÖ¿ä Äڷγª ¹é½Å¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÓ»ó ½ÇÇèÀº ³ëÀΰú ÀþÀº À̵鿡°Ô ¹é½ÅÀÌ °ÅÀÇ °°Àº È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¹é½ÅÀÌ º¸±ÞµÇ¸é ¹é½Å Á¦Á¶¾÷ü¿Í CDC´Â 65¼¼ ÀÌ»ó ½Ã¹Îµé¿¡°Ô ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ¹é½ÅÀÇ È¿°ú¸¦ °è¼Ó °üÂûÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 65¼¼ ÀÌ»ó ½Ã¹ÎµéÀº ¸é¿ª ü°èÀÇ ³ëÈ­ °ü·Ã º¯È­ ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀþÀº »ç¶÷µéó·³ ¹é½Å¿¡ Àß ¹ÝÀÀÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ³ëÀε鿡°Ô ´õ °­ÇÑ ¸é¿ª ¹ÝÀÀÀ» ºÒ·¯ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â ƯÁ¤ µ¶°¨ ¹é½ÅÀÌ °³¹ßµÈ °Í°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î »õ·Î¿î ¹é½Åµé Áß ¾î¶² °ÍÀÌ °í¿¬·É´ë¸¦ À§ÇÑ ´õ ³ªÀº ¼±ÅÃÁö°¡ µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ´Ù ¾Ë±â¿¡ ¾ÆÁ÷ ³Ê¹« À̸£´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ »çÇ×Àº ¡®¿©±â¡¯¿¡ ±â¼úµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

Why not take my chances with Covid-19 rather than get a vaccine?

¹é½ÅÀ» Á¢Á¾Çϱ⠺¸´Ù Äڷγª 19¿¡ °É¸®Áö ¾Êµµ·Ï Á¶½ÉÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾î¶²°¡?

Covid-19 is by far the more dangerous option, even if you are young and at low risk. Although people who are older, obese or have other health problems are at highest risk for complications from Covid-19, younger people can become severely ill, too. In a study of more than 3,000 people ages 18 to 34 who were hospitalized for Covid, 20 percent required intensive care and 3 percent died.

Àþ°í À§Ç輺ÀÌ ³·Àº ±×·ì¿¡ ¼ÓÇØ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ôµµ Äڷγª 19Àº ÈξÀ ´õ À§ÇèÇÑ ¼±ÅÃÀÌ´Ù. ³ªÀÌ°¡ ´õ ¸¹°Å³ª ºñ¸¸À̰ųª ´Ù¸¥ °Ç°­»óÀÇ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Äڷγª·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÇÕº´Áõ¿¡ °É¸± À§ÇèÀÌ ´õ ³ôÁö¸¸ ÀþÀº »ç¶÷µéµµ ½É°¢ÇÑ º´¿¡ °É¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 18¼¼¿¡¼­ 34¼¼ »çÀÌ Äڷγª·Î ÀÔ¿øÇÑ 3,000¸í ÀÌ»óÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ÇÑ ¿¬±¸¸¦ º¸¸é 20%´Â ÁßȯÀÚ¿´À¸¸ç 3%´Â »ç¸ÁÇß´Ù.

And as many as one in three people who recover from Covid have chronic complaints, including exhaustion, a racing heart and worse for months afterward. Covid vaccines, in contrast, carry little known risk. Read more here. —Apoorva Mandavilli

Äڷγª¿¡¼­ ȸº¹ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé 3¸í Áß 1¸íÀº Å»Áø, ºü¸¥ ½ÉÀå¹Úµ¿, ±× ÈÄ ¸î ´Þ µ¿¾È °è¼ÓÇؼ­ ¾ÇÈ­µÇ´Â ¸¸¼º Áúȯ Áõ¼¼¸¦ º¸ÀδÙ. ¹Ý¸é Äڷγª ¹é½ÅÀº ¾Ë·ÁÁø À§ÇèÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ »çÇ×Àº ¡®¿©±â¡¯¿¡ ±â¼úµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

What about women who are pregnant or breastfeeding?

ÀÓ½ÅÇÑ ¿©¼ºÀ̳ª ¼öÀ¯ÁßÀÎ ¿©¼ºÀº ¾î¶°ÇÑ°¡?

Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult with their obstetricians and pediatricians about whether to get the vaccine. The Pfizer vaccine has not been tested in pregnant women or in those who were breastfeeding, and federal health officials have not issued any specific guidance, other than allowing these women to be vaccinated if they choose. (The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists issued practice guidelines to help women and their doctors talk about vaccination.)

ÀÓ»êºÎ¿Í ¼öÀ¯ ¿©¼ºÀº »êºÎÀΰú ÀÇ»ç, ¼Ò¾Æ°ú ÀÇ»ç¿Í ¹é½Å Á¢Á¾ ¿©ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ó´ãÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. È­ÀÌÀú ¹é½ÅÀº ÀÓ»êºÎ³ª ¸ðÀ¯ ¼öÀ¯ ÁßÀÎ ¿©¼ºÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ½ÇÇèµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¿¬¹æ º¸°Ç ´ç±¹Àº ÇØ´ç ¿©¼ºµéÀÌ ¿øÇÑ´Ù¸é ¿¹¹æÁ¢Á¾À» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çã¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í ÀÌ¿Ü ¾î¶² ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ Áöħµµ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. (¹Ì±¹ »êºÎÀΰú ÇÐȸ(ACOG)´Â ¿©¼º°ú ÀÇ»çµé °£ ¹é½Å Á¢Á¾¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³íÀÇ¿¡ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ ½ÇÇà ÁöħÀ» ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù).

In the initial rollout, it will be mostly pregnant health care workers who must weigh the benefits and possible risks. By the time the vaccine is available to pregnant essential workers or to women in the general population, there should be a lot more data available.

Ãʱ⠹é½Å Á¢Á¾ ½ÃÇà ½Ã, ¹é½ÅÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ÀÌÀÍ°ú ÀáÀçÀû À§ÇèÀ» µûÁ®ºÁ¾ß ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷Àº ´ëºÎºÐ ÀÓ½ÅÇÑ ÀÇ·á Á¾»çÀÚµéÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÓ½ÅÇÑ Çʼö ÀηÂÀ̳ª ÀÏ¹Ý ¿©¼ºµéÀÌ ¹é½ÅÀ» ÀÌ¿ë °¡´ÉÇÒ ¶§Âë¿¡´Â ´õ ¸¹Àº µ¥ÀÌÅÍ°¡ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Some experts said the virus itself poses greater risks to pregnant women than the new vaccine. Since the 1960s, pregnant women have been urged to receive vaccines against influenza and other diseases. These women are generally cautioned against live vaccines, which contain weakened pathogens — but the Pfizer vaccine does not contain live virus. Read more here. —Apoorva Mandavilli

ÀϺΠÀü¹®°¡µéÀº »õ·Î¿î ¹é½Åº¸´Ù Äڷγª ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ÀÚü°¡ ÀÓ»êºÎ¿¡°Ô ´õ Å« À§ÇèÀ» ÁØ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. 1960³â´ë ÀÌÈÄ·Î ÀÓ»êºÎ´Â ÀÎÇ÷翣ÀÚ ¹× ±âŸ ´Ù¸¥ Áúº´µé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹é½ÅÀ» ¸Âµµ·Ï ±ÇÀ¯¹Þ¾Æ ¿Ô´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÓ»êºÎ´Â ¾àÈ­µÈ º´¿ø±ÕÀ» ÇÔÀ¯ÇÑ »ý¹é½Å¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â °æ°í¸¦ ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª È­ÀÌÀÚ ¹é½ÅÀº »ì¾ÆÀÖ´Â ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ »çÇ×Àº ¡®¿©±â¡¯¿¡ ±â¼úµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

Does the vaccine affect fertility or miscarriage risk?

¹é½ÅÀÌ Ãâ»êÀ̳ª À¯»êÀÇ À§Ç輺°ú °ü°èµÇ´Â°¡?

A false claim has been circulating online that the new vaccine will threaten women¡¯s fertility by harming the placenta. Here¡¯s why it¡¯s not true.

Äڷγª ¹é½ÅÀÌ Å¹ÝÀ» ÇØħÀ¸·Î½á ¿©¼ºÀÇ Ãâ»êÀ²À» À§ÇùÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â À߸øµÈ ÁÖÀåÀÌ ¿Â¶óÀλ󿡼­ À¯Æ÷µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ÁÖÀåÀÌ ¿Ö À߸øµÆ´ÂÁö »ìÆ캸ÀÚ.

The claim stems from the fact that the vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna cause our immune systems to make antibodies to something called a ¡°spike¡± protein on the coronavirus. The false warnings about fertility are based on the claim that these antibodies could also attack a similar protein that is made in the placenta during pregnancy, called syncytin. In reality, the spike protein and syncytin are similar only in one very small region, and there¡¯s no reason to believe antibodies that can grab onto spike proteins would lock onto syncytin.

ÀÌ ÁÖÀåÀº È­ÀÌÀú¿Í ¸ð´õ³ª ¹é½ÅÀÌ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¸é¿ªÃ¼°è·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý Äڷγª ¿Ü¸éÀÇ ¡°½ºÆÄÀÌÅ©¡± ´Ü¹éÁúÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â ¼ººÐ¿¡ Ç×ü¸¦ ¸¸µéµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡¼­ ºñ·ÔµÇ¾ú´Ù. ºÒÀÓ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À߸øµÈ ÁÖÀåÀº ÀÌ·¸°Ô Çü¼ºµÈ Äڷγª Ç×üµéÀÌ ÀӽŠ±â°£ µ¿¾È Źݿ¡¼­ ¸¸µé¾îÁø À¯»çÇÑ ´Ü¹éÁúÀÎ ½Å½Ãƾ(syncytin)À» °ø°ÝÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ÁÖÀå¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â ½ºÆÄÀÌÅ© ´Ü¹éÁú°ú ½Å½ÃƾÀºÀÌ ¾ÆÁÖ ÀÛÀº ºÎºÐ¿¡¼­¸¸ À¯»çÇÏ¸ç ½ºÆÄÀÌÅ© ´Ü¹éÁúÀ» ÀâÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Ç×ü°¡ ½Å½Ãƾ¿¡ ºÙ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹ÏÀ» ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¾ø´Ù.

What¡¯s more, the human body generates its own supply of spike antibodies when it fights off the coronavirus, and there¡¯s no sign that these antibodies attack the placenta. If they did, you¡¯d expect that women who got Covid-19 would suffer miscarriages. But a number of studies show that Covid-19 does not trigger miscarriages. Read more here. —Carl Zimmer

°Ô´Ù°¡ ÀÎü´Â Äڷγª ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¿Í ½Î¿ì¸ç ÀÚü³»¿¡¼­µµ ½ºÆÄÀÌÅ© ´Ü¹éÁú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç×ü¸¦ »ý¼ºÇϴµ¥ ÀÌ Ç×üµéÀÌ Å¹ÝÀ» °ø°ÝÇѴٴ ¡ÈÄ´Â ¾ø´Ù. ¸¸¾à °ø°ÝÇϴ ¡ÈÄ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é Äڷγª¿¡ °É¸° ¿©¼ºµéÀÌ À¯»êÀ» ÇÏ°ÔµÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸µéÀº Äڷγª°¡ À¯»êÀ» À¯¹ßÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â°ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´õ. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ »çÇ×Àº ¡®¿©±â¡¯¿¡ ±â¼úµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

When will vaccines be available for children?

¾î¸°À̵µ ¹é½ÅÀ» ¸ÂÀ» ¼ö Àִ°¡?

So far, no coronavirus vaccine has been approved for children. New vaccines are typically tested on adults before researchers launch trials on children, and coronavirus vaccine developers are following this protocol. In September, Pfizer and BioNTech began studying their vaccine on children as young as 12. Moderna followed suit in December. If these trials yield good results, the companies will recruit younger children. The FDA will then have to review these results before the vaccines can get emergency authorization. Read more here.—Carl Zimmer

ÇöÀç±îÁö ¾î¸°ÀÌ¿ë Äڷγª ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ¹é½ÅÀÌ ½ÂÀÎµÈ ¹Ù ¾ø´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »õ·Î¿î ¹é½ÅÀº ¾î¸°ÀÌ¿¡°Ô ½ÇÇèÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ¼ºÀÎÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ½ÇÇèµÇ¸ç, Äڷγª ¹é½Å °³¹ßÀڵ鵵 ÀÌ ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀ» µû¸£°í ÀÖ´Ù. Áö³­ 9¿ù È­ÀÌÀÚ-¹ÙÀÌ¿À¾ØÅØÀº 12»ì ¾î¸°À̸¦ ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ¹é½ÉÀ» ½ÇÇèÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß°í ÀÌ¾î ¸ð´õ³ªµµ 12¿ù¿¡ À̸¦ ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ÁÁÀº °á°ú°¡ ³ª¿Â´Ù¸é Á¦¾à»çµéÀº ¾î¸°À̸¦ ½ÇÇè ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ¸ðÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× ÈÄ ¹é½ÅÀÌ ±ä±Þ ½ÂÀθ¦ ¹Þ±â À§ÇØ ¹Ì±¹½Ä¾à±¹Àº ¿¬±¸ °á°ú¸¦ °ËÅäÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ »çÇ×Àº ¡®¿©±â¡¯¿¡ ±â¼úµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

Why weren¡¯t children included in the early studies?

Ãʱ⠿¬±¸¿¡ ¿Ö ¾î¸°À̸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÅ°Áö ¾Ê¾Ò³ª?

Vaccines are typically tested on adults first in the interest of safety. But once a vaccine is shown to be safe and effective in adults, researchers have to run more trials on children to adjust the dosage for their bodies. Another factor in the wait for a vaccine for children is that they are far less likely to die from Covid-19 than adults are. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a report in September which concluded that, of more than 190,000 people who died in the United States with Covid-19, only 121 were under the age of 21. —Carl Zimmer and Katie Thomas

ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ÈÀüÀ» À§ÇØ ¸ÕÀú ¼ºÀÎÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î ¹é½ÅÀ» °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù. ¼ºÀο¡°Ô ¹é½ÅÀÇ ¾ÈÀü¼º°ú È¿°ú¼ºÀÌ ÀÔÁõµÇ¸é ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº ¾î¸°ÀÌ ½Åü¿¡ ÀûÀýÇÑ Á¢Á¾·®À» Á¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ ¾î¸°ÀÌ¿¡°Ô ´õ ¸¹Àº ½ÇÇèÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¸°ÀÌ¿ë ¹é½ÅÀ» ±â´Ù¸®´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¿äÀÎÀº ¼ºÀο¡ ºñÇØ ¾î¸°ÀÌ°¡ Äڷγª·Î Á×À» È®·üÀÌ ÈξÀ ³·±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. CDC°¡ 9¿ù¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ º¸°í¼­¸¦ º¸¸é ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ Äڷγª·Î »ç¸ÁÇÑ 19¸¸¿©¸í Áß 21¼¼ ¹Ì¸¸ »ç¸ÁÀÚ´Â 121¸í¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù.

What if I forget to take the second dose on time?

¸¸¾à Àؾî¹ö¸®°í Á¦¶§ µÎ ¹ø° ¹é½ÅÀ» ¸ÂÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é?

Both the vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech and from Moderna have two doses, with the booster shot coming a few weeks after the first. Pfizer-BioNTech¡¯s second dose comes three weeks after the first, and Moderna¡¯s comes four weeks later. The second dose provides a potent boost that gives people strong, long-lasting immunity.

È­ÀÌÀú-¹ÙÀÌ¿À¿£ÅØ¿Í ¸ð´õ³ª ¹é½Å µÑ ´Ù 2ȸ Á¢Á¾µÇ¸ç Ãß°¡ Á¢Á¾Àº ù Á¢Á¾ÀÏ ¸î ÁÖ ÈÄ¿¡ ÁøÇàµÈ´Ù. È­ÀÌÀÚ-¹ÙÀÌ¿À¿£ÅØ ¹é½ÅÀÇ µÎ ¹ø° Á¢Á¾Àº ù ¹ø° Á¢Á¾ 3ÁÖ ÈÄ, ¸ð´õ³ªÀÇ °æ¿ì 4ÁÖ ÈÄ¿¡ Á¢Á¾ÇÑ´Ù. µÎ ¹ø° Á¢Á¾ÀÇ °­·ÂÇÑ È¿°ú·Î Á¢Á¾ÀÚ´Â °­ÇÏ°í ¿À·¡ Áö¼ÓµÇ´Â ¸é¿ª·ÂÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

If for some reason you fail to get the second shot precisely three weeks after the first, you don¡¯t have to start all over again with another two-dose regimen. ¡°The second dose can be picked up at any time after the first. No need to start the series over,¡± said Dr. Paul Offit, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania and a member of the F.D.A.¡¯s vaccine advisory panel.

¸¸¾à ¾î¶² ÀÌÀ¯·Î ù ¹ø° Á¢Á¾ÀϷκÎÅÍ Á¤È®È÷ 3ÁÖ ÈÄ µÎ ¹ø° Á¢Á¾À» ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ óÀ½ºÎÅÍ ´Ù½Ã ¹é½Å Á¢Á¾À» ¸ÂÀ» ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù. ¡°µÎ ¹ø° Á¢Á¾Àº ù ¹ø° Á¢Á¾ ÀÌÈÄ ¾ðÁ¦µçÁö °¡´ÉÇÏ¸ç ´Ù½Ã Ã¹ ¹ø° Á¢Á¾ºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù¡±¶ó°í Ææ½Çº£´Ï¾Æ ´ëÇÐÀÇ ±³¼öÀÌÀÚ ½ÄÇ°ÀǾ౹ÀÇ ¹é½Å ÀÚ¹® À§¿øÀÎ Æú ¿ÀÇÍ ¹Ú»ç°¡ ¸»Çß´Ù.

And while the two leading vaccines include a second dose, some future vaccine candidates may only require one dose. Johnson & Johnson, for example, is expecting data in January that will show whether its experimental vaccine works after a single dose. In case it doesn¡¯t, the company has also started a separate trial using two doses. —Carl Zimmer, Tara Parker-Pope

µÎ ÁÖ¿ä ¹é½ÅÀÎ È­ÀÌÀÚ-¹ÙÀÌ¿À¿£ÅØ ¹é½Å°ú ¸ð´õ³ªÀÇ ¹é½Å ¸ðµÎ 2ȸ Á¢Á¾ÀÌÁö¸¸ ÃßÈÄ Ãâ½ÃµÉ ÀϺΠ¹é½Å È帱ºÀº 1ȸ Á¢Á¾ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î Á¸½¼¾ØÁ¸½¼Àº ´Ü Çѹø Á¢Á¾À¸·Î ÀÚ»ç ½ÇÇè¿ë ¹é½ÅÀÇ È¿°ú¼ºÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ 1¿ù¿¡ º¸¿©ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Á¸½¼¾ØÁ¸½¼»ç´Â 1ȸ Á¢Á¾ÀÇ È¿°ú¼ºÀÌ ÀÔÁõµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì¸¦ À§ÇØ º°µµÀÇ ½ÇÇèÀ» ÅëÇØ 2ȸ Á¢Á¾ ½ÇÇèµµ ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù.

What will life be like after vaccination?

¿¹¹æÁ¢Á¾ ÈÄÀÇ »îÀº ¾î¶°ÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡?

Masks will still be required for awhile, even after the vaccine is widely available.Credit¡¦David Walter Banks for The New York Times

¹é½ÅÀÌ ´ëÁßÈ­µÈ ÀÌÈÄ¿¡µµ ´çºÐ°£ ¸¶½ºÅ© Âø¿ëÀº ÇÊ¿äÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

If I¡¯ve been vaccinated, will I still need to wear a mask?

¹é½ÅÀ» ¸Â¾Ò´õ¶óµµ ¸¶½ºÅ©¸¦ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ Âø¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÒ±î?

Yes, but not forever. Here¡¯s why. The coronavirus vaccines are injected deep into the muscles and stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies. This appears to be enough protection to keep the vaccinated person from getting ill. But what¡¯s not clear is whether it¡¯s possible for the virus to bloom in the nose — and be sneezed or breathed out to infect others — even as antibodies elsewhere in the body have mobilized to prevent the vaccinated person from getting sick.

±×·¸´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¿µ¿øÈ÷´Â ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÏ´Ù. Äڷγª ¹é½ÅÀº ±ÙÀ° ±í¼÷ÀÌ ÁÖÀÔµÇ¸ç ¸é¿ª ü°è¸¦ ÀÚ±ØÇÏ¿© Ç×ü¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¿¹¹æÁ¢Á¾À» ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌ Äڷγª¿¡ °É¸®Áö ¾Êµµ·Ï Çϱ⿡ ÃæºÐÇÑ º¸È£ÀåÄ¡ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¾ÆÁ÷ ºÐ¸íÄ¡ ¾ÊÀº Á¡Àº ¹é½Å Á¢Á¾À» ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷ ½º½º·Î°¡ Äڷγª¿¡ °É¸®Áö ¾Êµµ·Ï ±× »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÎü ³»ºÎ¿¡¼­ Ç×ü°¡ ÀÏÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù Çصµ ÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÌ Àçä±â¸¦ Çϰųª ÄÚ·Î ¼ûÀ» ³»½¬¸é¼­ ŸÀÎÀ» Äڷγª¿¡ °¨¿°½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ºÐ¸íÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

The vaccine clinical trials were designed to determine whether vaccinated people are protected from illness — not to find out whether they could still spread the coronavirus. Based on studies of flu vaccine and even patients infected with Covid-19, researchers have reason to be hopeful that vaccinated people won¡¯t spread the virus, but more research is needed. In the meantime, everyone — even vaccinated people — will need to think of themselves as possible silent spreaders and keep wearing a mask. Read more here. —Apoorva Mandavilli

¹é½Å ÀÓ»ó ½ÇÇèÀº ¹é½ÅÀ» ¸ÂÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Äڷγª·ÎºÎÅÍ º¸È£¹Þ´ÂÁö ¿©ºÎ¸¦ °áÁ¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ °í¾ÈµÈ °ÍÀÌ¸ç ¹é½ÅÀ» ¸ÂÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Äڷγª ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¸¦ ŸÀο¡°Ô ÆÛÆ®¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¿©ºÎ¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ³»±â À§Çؼ­´Â ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. µ¶°¨ ¹é½Å¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿Í ½ÉÁö¾î Äڷγª¿¡ °¨¿°µÈ ȯÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº ¹é½ÅÀ» ¸ÂÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Äڷγª¸¦ Æ۶߸®Áö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó´Â Èñ¸ÁÀ» °¡Áú ¼ö´Â ÀÖÁö¸¸ ÀÌ¿¡´Â ´õ ¸¹Àº ¿¬±¸°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ±×¶§±îÁö´Â ¹é½Å Á¢Á¾À» ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷µéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Á¶¿ëÇÑ ÀüÆÄÀÚ°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¿©±â¸ç ¸¶½ºÅ©¸¦ °è¼Ó Âø¿ëÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ »çÇ×Àº ¡®¿©±â¡¯¿¡ ±â¼úµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.

Will my employer require vaccinations?

°í¿ëÁÖ°¡ ¹é½ÅÁ¢Á¾À» ¿ä±¸ÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡?

Employers do have the right to compel their workers to be vaccinated once a vaccine is formally approved. Many hospital systems, for example, require annual flu shots. But employees can seek exemptions based on medical reasons or religious beliefs. In such cases, employers are supposed to provide a ¡°reasonable accommodation¡± — with a coronavirus vaccine, for example, a worker might be allowed to work if they wear a mask, or to work from home. —Abby Goodnough

¹é½ÅÀÌ °ø½ÄÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÂÀÎµÇ¸é °í¿ëÁÖµéÀº Á÷¿øµé¿¡°Ô ¹é½ÅÀ» Á¢Á¾Çϵµ·Ï Áö½ÃÇÒ ±Ç¸®°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ´Ù¼öÀÇ º´¿ø ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ¸Å³â µ¶°¨ ¿¹¹æÁֻ縦 ¸Âµµ·Ï ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Á÷¿øµéÀº ÀÇÇÐÀû ÀÌÀ¯³ª Á¾±³Àû ½Å³ä¿¡ µû¶ó ¸éÁ¦¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ì °í¿ëÁÖ´Â Äڷγª ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ¹é½ÅÀ» È®º¸ÇÏ°í, °¡·É ±Ù·ÎÀÚ°¡ ¸¶½ºÅ©¸¦ Âø¿ëÇÏ°í ±Ù¹«Çϰųª ÀçÅà ±º¹«ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çã¿ëÇÏ´Â µî ¡°ÇÕ¸®Àû ÆíÀÇ¡±¸¦ Á¦°øÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

How will we know when things are getting better?

»óȲÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î?

The test positivity rate in your community will be an indicator of how things are going. This number is the percentage of overall tests given in a community that come back positive. The lower the number, the fewer new cases and the less likely you are to cross paths with someone who has the virus. ¡°The best number is zero,¡± Dr. Fauci said. ¡°It¡¯s never going to be zero, but anywhere close to that is great.¡± —Tara Parker-Pope

Áö¿ª»çȸÀÇ Å×½ºÆ® ¾ç¼ººñÀ²Àº »óȲÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô µ¹¾Æ°¡´ÂÁö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ÁöÇ¥°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¼öÄ¡´Â Áö¿ª»çȸ¿¡¼­ ÇàÇØÁø Àüü Å×½ºÆ® Áß ¾ç¼ºÀÇ ºñÀ²ÀÌ´Ù. ¼öÄ¡°¡ ³·À»¼ö·Ï, ´õ ÀûÀº ¼öÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ȯÀÚ°¡ ¹ß»ýÇϸç, ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¿¡ °¨¿°µÈ »ç¶÷°ú ±³Â÷ÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ´õ Àû¾îÁø´Ù. ÆÄ¿ìÄ¡ ¹Ú»ç´Â ¡°°¡Àå ÁÁÀº ¼ýÀÚ´Â Á¦·Î¡±À̸ç, ¡°°áÄÚ Á¦·Î°¡ µÉ ¼ö´Â ¾ø°ÚÁö¸¸, ±×¿¡ °¡±î¿î ¾îµð¶óµµ ÁÁ´Ù¡±°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

When can we start safely doing normal things, like going to the movies or the theater?

¿µÈ­³ª ±ØÀå¿¡ °¡´Â °Í°ú °°Àº Æò¹üÇÑ ÀÏ»óµéÀ» ¾ðÁ¦ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î?

Public health officials estimate that 70 to 75 percent of the population needs to be vaccinated before people can start moving freely in society again. If things go well, life could get a lot better by late spring and early summer. ¡°It depends on the uptake of the vaccine and the level of infection in the community,¡± Dr. Fauci said.

°øÁߺ¸°Ç °ü°èÀÚµéÀº 70-75%ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿¹¹æ Á¢Á¾À» ÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡¾ß »çȸ¿¡¼­ ´Ù½Ã ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ¿òÁ÷¾Æ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¸ðµç ÀÏÀÌ Àß ÁøÇàµÈ´Ù¸é ´Êº½°ú ÃÊ¿©¸§±îÁö´Â »îÀÌ ÈξÀ ³ª¾ÆÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÆÄ¿ìÄ¡ ¹Ú»ç´Â ¡°¹é½ÅÀÇ Á¢Á¾°ú Áö¿ª»çȸÀÇ °¨¿° ¼öÁØ¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù ´Ù¸£´Ù¡±¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

Given the surveys so far showing significant public reluctance to get vaccinated, however, it may take awhile to see widespread community protection, he said: ¡°If it turns out that only 50 percent get vaccinated, then it¡¯s going to take much, much longer to get back to the kind of normality that we¡¯d like to see.¡± —Tara Parker-Pope

±×·¯³ª ÆÄ¿ìÄ¡ ¹Ú»ç´Â Áö±Ý±îÁö »ó´ç¼öÀÇ ´ëÁßÀÌ ¹é½Å Á¢Á¾À» ²¨¸®°í ÀÖÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â Á¶»ç °á°ú·Î º¼ ¶§, ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ Áö¿ª»çȸ º¸È£¸¦ À§Çؼ­´Â ½Ã°£ÀÌ Á» °É¸± ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¾ð±ÞÇϸç, ¡°¸¸¾à 50%¸¸ Á¢Á¾À» ¹Þ´Â´Ù¸é ¿ì¸®°¡ º¸°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â Á¤»óÈ­·Î µÇµ¹¾Æ°¡·Á¸é ÈξÀ ´õ ¿À·£ ½Ã°£ÀÌ °É¸± °Í¡±À̶ó°í Çß´Ù.

Will these vaccines put a dent in the epidemic?

ÀÌ ¹é½ÅµéÀÌ ´ëÀ¯Çà¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î?

The coronavirus vaccines will be much less effective at preventing death and illness in 2021 if they are introduced into a population where the virus is raging — as is now the case in the U.S. A vaccine that¡¯s 95 percent effective, as Moderna¡¯s and Pfizer¡¯s versions appear to be, is a powerful fire hose. But the size of a fire is still a bigger determinant of how much destruction occurs.

Äڷγª ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ¹é½ÅÀº ÇöÀç ¹Ì±¹Ã³·³ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º°¡ ±Ø½ÉÇÑ ±¹°¡¿¡¼­ ´ëÁß¿¡ À¯ÀԵȴٸé 2021³â »ç¸Á°ú Áúº´À» ¿¹¹æÇϱ⿡ ±× È¿°ú°¡ ¹Ì¹ÌÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸ð´õ³ª¿Í È­ÀÌÀúÀÇ ¹öÀüÀÌ º¸¿©ÁÖµí 95%ÀÇ È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹é½ÅÀº °­·ÂÇÑ ¼Ò¹æ È£½º¿Í °°´Ù. ±×·¯³ª È­ÀçÀÇ Å©±â´Â ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº Æı«°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ´õ Å« ¿äÀÎÀÌ´Ù.

According to the authors of a paper in the journal Health Affairs, at the current level of infection in the U.S. (about 200,000 confirmed new infections per day), a vaccine that is 95 percent effective — distributed at the expected pace — would still not be enough to end the terrible toll of the virus in the six months after it was introduced. Almost 10 million or so Americans would contract the virus, and more than 160,000 would die.

ÀÇÇÐÁö Çコ¾îÆä¾î½º(Health Affairs)¿¡ ½Ç¸° ³í¹®¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ÇöÀç ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ÀÇ °¨¿° ¼öÁØ (ÇÏ·ç ¾à 20¸¸ °ÇÀÇ ½Å±Ô È®Áø »ç·Ê)¿¡¼­, 95%ÀÇ È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹é½ÅÀÌ ¿¹»ó´ë·Î ¹èÆ÷µÇ¾îµµ 6°³¿ù ³»¿¡ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º·Î ÀÎÇÑ ²ûÂïÇÑ ¼Õ½ÇÀ» Á¾½Ä½ÃÅ°±â¿¡ ¾ÆÁ÷ ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 1õ¸¸ ¸í °¡·®ÀÇ ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀÌ Äڷγª ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¿¡ °¨¿°µÇ¾î 16¸¸ ¸í ÀÌ»óÀÌ »ç¸ÁÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Measures that reduce the virus¡¯s spread — like mask-wearing, social distancing and rapid-result testing — can still have profound effects. Public health officials hope that people will continue to take these precautions at least until the country reaches a vaccination rate of 70 to 75 percent. —David Leonhardt

¸¶½ºÅ© Âø¿ë, »çȸÀû °Å¸® µÎ±â, ½Å¼ÓÇÑ Å×½ºÆ® °á°ú¿Í °°ÀÌ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½ºÀÇ È®»êÀ» ÁÙÀÌ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ Å« ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °øÁß º¸°Ç °ü°èÀÚµéÀº ±¹¹ÎµéÀÌ Àû¾îµµ 70-75%ÀÇ ¿¹¹æ Á¢Á¾À²¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÒ ¶§±îÁö ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »çÀü Á¶Ä¡µéÀ» °è¼Ó ÃëÇϱ⸦ ¹Ù¶ó°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Will I be required to provide proof of vaccination to travel? ¿©Çà ½Ã ¿¹¹æÁ¢Á¾ Áõºù¼­¸¦ Á¦½ÃÇØ¾ß ÇÒ±î? In the coming weeks, major airlines including United, JetBlue and Lufthansa plan to introduce a health passport app, called CommonPass, that aims to verify passengers¡¯ coronavirus test results — and perhaps soon, vaccinations. CommonPass notifies users of local travel rules — like having to provide proof of a negative virus test — and then aims to check that they have met them.

ÇâÈÄ ¸î ÁÖ°£ À¯³ªÀÌƼµå, Á¦Æ®ºí·ç, ·çÇÁÆ®ÇÑÀÚ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ÁÖ¿ä Ç×°ø»çµéÀº ½Â°´µéÀÇ Äڷγª ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º °Ë»ç °á°ú-¾Æ¸¶µµ °ð ¹é½Å Á¢Á¾µµ-¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ñÇ¥·Î ÇÏ´Â Ä¿¸ÕÆнº(CommonPass)¶ó ºÒ¸®´Â °Ç°­ ÀÔÁõ ¿©±Ç ¾îÇÃÀ» µµÀÔÇÒ °èȹÀÌ´Ù. Ä¿¸ÕÆнº´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô À½¼º ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º Å×½ºÆ®ÀÇ Áõ°Å¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °°Àº ¿©ÇàÁöÀÇ ¿©Çà ±ÔÄ¢À» ÅëÁöÇÏ°í ±× ´ÙÀ½¿¡ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ÇØ´ç ±ÔÄ¢µéÀ» ÃæÁ·Çß´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ñÇ¥·Î ÇÑ´Ù.

Although no plans are in place yet to require proof of vaccination for travel or other activities, electronic vaccination credentials could have a profound effect on efforts to control the virus and restore the economy. They could prompt more employers and college campuses to reopen. And developers say they may also give some consumers peace of mind by creating an easy way for movie theaters, cruise ships and sports arenas to admit only those with documented virus vaccinations. Read the full story. —Natasha Singer

¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö ¿©ÇàÀ̳ª ´Ù¸¥ È°µ¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¹¹æÁ¢Á¾ ÁõºùÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â °èȹÀº ¸¶·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÁö¸¸, ÀüÀÚ ¿¹¹æÁ¢Á¾ Áõºù¼­´Â ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º¸¦ ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ°í °æÁ¦¸¦ ȸº¹½ÃÅ°·Á´Â ³ë·Â¿¡ ±íÀº ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´õ ¸¹Àº °í¿ëÁÖ¿Í ´ëÇÐ Ä·ÆÛ½º°¡ ´Ù½Ã ¹®À» ¿­µµ·Ï µµ¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í °³¹ßÀÚµéÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ¿µÈ­°ü, À¯¶÷¼±, ½ºÆ÷Ã÷ °æ±âÀåµéÀÌ ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ¹é½Å Á¢Á¾À» ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷µé¸¸À» Çã¿ëÇÏ´Â ¼Õ½¬¿î ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ÀϺΠ¼ÒºñÀڵ鿡°Ô ¸¶À½ÀÇ ÆòÈ­¸¦ ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. Àüü Àб⠗Natasha Singer

How long will the vaccine last? Will I need another one next year?

¹é½ÅÀº ¾î´À Á¤µµ Áö¼ÓµÇ¸ç, ³»³â¿¡µµ Á¢Á¾À» ÇØ¾ß Çϴ°¡?

That is to be determined. It¡¯s possible that coronavirus vaccinations will become an annual event, just like the flu shot. Or it may be that the benefits of the vaccine last longer than a year. We have to wait to see how durable the protection from the vaccines is. Immunity from coronavirus infections appears to last for months, at least, so that may be a hint about vaccines. —Carl Zimmer

¾ÆÁ÷ °áÁ¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ »çÇ×ÀÌ´Ù. µ¶°¨ ¿¹¹æÁÖ»çó·³ Äڷγª ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º ¿¹¹æÁ¢Á¾µµ ¿¬·ÊÇà»ç°¡ µÉ °¡´É¼ºµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ȤÀº ¹é½ÅÀÇ È¿´ÉÀÌ 1³â ÀÌ»ó Áö¼ÓµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ¹é½ÅÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ º¸È£°¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¿À·¡ Áö¼ÓµÇ´ÂÁö ½Ã°£À» µÎ°í ÁöÄѺÁ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Äڷγª ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º °¨¿°À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ »ý±ä ¸é¿ª·ÂÀº Àû¾îµµ ¸î ´Þ µ¿¾È Áö¼ÓµÇ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸À̸ç, ±×Á¡ÀÌ ¹é½ÅÀÇ ¸é¿ª¼º¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÈùÆ®°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

How do these new genetic vaccines work?

ÀÌ »õ·Î¿î À¯ÀüÀÚ ¹é½ÅÀº ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÛ¿ëÇϳª?

The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines use a genetic molecule to prime the immune system. That molecule, known as mRNA, is packaged in an oily bubble that can fuse to a cell, allowing the molecule to slip in. The cell uses the mRNA to make proteins from the coronavirus, which can stimulate the immune system. While the immune protection from these vaccines may last for months or perhaps even years, their mRNA does not — it is destroyed by our cells within days. Although these are described as ¡°genetic¡± vaccines, the vaccines don¡¯t alter your genes in any way. —Carl Zimmer

È­ÀÌÀú-¹ÙÀÌ¿À¿£ÅØ°ú ¸ð´õ³ª ¹é½ÅÀº À¯Àü ºÐÀÚ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ ¸é¿ª ü°è¸¦ °­È­ÇÑ´Ù. mRNA¶ó°í ¾Ë·ÁÁø ÀÌ ºÐÀÚ´Â ¼¼Æ÷¿Í °áÇÕµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Áö¹æÁú(oily bubble)¿¡ ½Î¿© Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¹Ì²ô·¯Áöµí ¼¼Æ÷ ¾ÈÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ºÐÀÚ´Â mRNA¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ Äڷγª ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º·ÎºÎÅÍ ´Ü¹éÁúÀ» ¸¸µé°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¸é¿ªÃ¼°è¸¦ ÀÚ±ØÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹é½ÅÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸é¿ª º¸È£´Â ¸î ´Þ ȤÀº ¾î¼¸é ¸î ³â µ¿¾È Áö¼ÓµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, mRNA´Â ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù. mRNA´Â ¸çÄ¥ ¾È¿¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Æı«µÈ´Ù. ºñ·Ï ÀÌ ¹é½ÅµéÀÌ ¡°À¯ÀüÀÚ¡± ¹é½ÅÀ¸·Î ¹¦»çµÇ°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, À̵éÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ôµµ ¹Ù²ÙÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. —Carl Zimmer

What do the vaccine developers mean when they say their vaccines are 95 percent effective?

¹é½Å °³¹ßÀÚµéÀÌ 95%ÀÇ È¿¿ëÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í Çϴµ¥ ±×°Ô ¹«½¼ ¸»Àΰ¡¿ä?

Vaccine developers test their vaccines in clinical trials. The fundamental logic behind these trials was worked out by statisticians over a century ago. Researchers vaccinate some people and give a placebo to others. They then wait for participants to get sick and look at how many of the illnesses came from each group.

¹é½Å °³¹ßÀÚµéÀº ÀÓ»ó½ÇÇè¿¡¼­ ¹é½ÅÀ» ½ÇÇèÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ °°Àº ½ÇÇèÀÇ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ³í¸®´Â ÀÌ¹Ì 100³âµµ ´õ Àü¿¡ Åë°èÇÐÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº ÀϺΠ»ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¹é½ÅÀ» Á¢Á¾ÇÏ°í ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô´Â °¡Â¥ ¾àÀ» Åõ¿©ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª¼­ ¿¬±¸ÀÚµéÀº Âü°¡ÀÚµéÀÌ ¾ÆÇÁ±â¸¦ ±â´Ù·È´Ù°¡ °¢ ±×·ì¿¡¼­ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº ±× Áúº´ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇß´ÂÁö »ìÆ캻´Ù.

In the case of Pfizer, for example, the company recruited 43,661 volunteers and waited for 170 people to come down with symptoms of Covid-19 and then get a positive test. Among those who got sick, 162 had received a placebo shot, and just eight had received the real vaccine. This result shows that receiving a vaccine dramatically lowered the chances of getting Covid-19 compared to receiving a placebo.

¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, È­ÀÌÀú´Â 43,661¸íÀÇ Áö¿øÀÚ¸¦ ¸ðÁýÇßÀ¸¸ç ±× Áß 170¸íÀÌ Äڷγª19 Áõ»óÀ» º¸ÀÎ µÚ ¾ç¼º¹ÝÀÀÀ» º¸¿´´Ù. Áõ»óÀ» º¸ÀÎ »ç¶÷µé Áß¿¡ 162¸íÀº °¡Â¥ ¹é½ÅÀ» Á¢Á¾ÇßÀ¸¸ç ´Ü 8¸í¸¸ÀÌ ÁøÂ¥ ¹é½ÅÀ» Á¢Á¾Çß´Ù. ÀÌ °á°ú´Â ¹é½ÅÀ» Á¢Á¾ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡Â¥ ¾àÀ» Á¢Á¾ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ºñÇØ ÄÚºñµå-19¿¡ °¨¿°µÉ È®·üÀÌ ÇöÀúÈ÷ ³·´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.

The difference is expressed as efficacy: the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine has an efficacy rate of 95 percent. (If there were no difference between the vaccine and placebo groups, the efficacy would be zero. If none of the sick people had been vaccinated, the efficacy rate would have been 100 percent.) A vaccine¡¯s efficacy rate and effectiveness rate are different: Efficacy is a measurement made within the strict confines of a clinical trial, whereas effectiveness refers to how a vaccine works in the real world. No one knows yet the true effectiveness of these new vaccines. —Carl Zimmer

±× Â÷ÀÌ´Â È¿´ÉÀ¸·Î ¼³¸íµÈ´Ù: È­ÀÌÀú-¹ÙÀÌ¿À¾ØÅØÅ© ¹é½ÅÀº 95%ÀÇ È¿´ÉÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. (¹é½Å ±×·ì°ú À§¾à ±×·ì »çÀÌ¿¡ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¾ø´Ù¸é, È¿´ÉÀº ¿µ(0)ÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾ÆÇ »ç¶÷µé Áß ±× ¾î´À ´©±¸µµ ¹é½ÅÀ» Á¢Á¾ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù¸é È¿´ÉÀº 100%À̾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.) ¹é½ÅÀÇ È¿´É°ú È¿°úÀ²Àº ´Ù¸£´Ù: È¿´ÉÀº ÀÓ»ó½ÃÇè Áß ¾ö°ÝÇÑ ¹üÀ§ ³»¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´Â ÃøÁ¤ÀÎ ¹Ý¸é, È¿°ú´Â ¹é½ÅÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦ Çö½Ç¿¡¼­ ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö´Â ±× ¾î´À ´©±¸µµ ÀÌ »õ·Î¿î ¹é½ÅÀÇ ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ È¿°ú¸¦ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù.

Was the Pfizer vaccine part of the government¡¯s Operation Warp Speed?

È­ÀÌÀú ¹é½ÅÀº ¹Ì±¹ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¿öÇÁ½ºÇǵå(ÃÊ°í¼Ó ÀÛÀü)ÀÇ ÀÏȯÀΰ¡?

Pfizer did not accept federal funding to help develop or manufacture the vaccine, unlike front-runners Moderna and AstraZeneca. Pfizer did get a $1.95 billion deal with the government to deliver 100 million doses of the vaccine. The arrangement is an advance-purchase agreement, meaning that the company won¡¯t get paid until they deliver the vaccines. Read more here. —Carl Zimmer and Katie Thomas

¼±µÎÁÖÀÚÀÎ ¸ð´õ³ª¿Í ¾Æ½ºÆ®¶óÁ¦³×Ä«¿Í´Â ´Þ¸®, È­ÀÌÀú´Â ¹é½Å °³¹ß°ú Á¦Á¶¸¦ µ½±â À§ÇÑ ¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎÀÇ ÀÚ±Ý Áö¿øÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. È­ÀÌÀú´Â ¹Ì±¹ Á¤ºÎ¿Í 1¾ï Á¢Á¾·®¿¡ 19¾ï 5õ¸¸ ´Þ·¯ °è¾àÀ» Çß´Ù. ±× ÇÕÀÇ´Â »çÀü ±¸¸Å ÇÕÀÇÀ̸ç, È­ÀÌÀú´Â ¹é½ÅÀ» ÀεµÇÒ ¶§±îÁö´Â °Å·¡±ÝÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼È÷ Àо±â. —Carl Zimmer and Katie Thomas

What does the rollout of the Pfizer vaccine mean for the other vaccines in the race?

È­ÀÌÀú ¹é½Å ½ÂÀÎ Ãâ½Ã½Ã °æÀï ÁßÀÎ ´Ù¸¥ ¹é½Å¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â Àǹ̴ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?

Researchers were heartened by the strong results of the vaccine developed by Pfizer and BioNTech. ¡°It gives us more hope that other vaccines are going to be effective too,¡± said Akiko Iwasaki of Yale University.

¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº È­ÀÌÀú-¹ÙÀÌ¿À¿£ÅØ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °³¹ßµÈ ¹é½ÅÀÇ °­·ÂÇÑ °á°ú¿¡ °í¹«µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾ÆÅ°²¿ ÀÌ¿Í»çÅ° ¿¹ÀÏ´ë ±³¼ö´Â ¡°È­ÀÌÀú ¹é½ÅÀº ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ´Ù¸¥ ¹é½Åµéµµ È¿°ú°¡ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó´Â Èñ¸ÁÀ» ´õ ¸¹¾Æ °®°Ô ÇØÁش١±¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

The Moderna vaccine, which is next in line for approval, has an efficacy rate of 94.5 percent, essentially the same as the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. A vaccine from AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford has shown confusing trial results, with efficacy rates between 60 and 90 percent, depending on the strength of the doses that volunteers received. And the French company Sanofi had a major disappointment in its early clinical trials, finding that its vaccine couldn¡¯t provoke an immune response in people over 55. The company is now reformulating its vaccine to start new trials. —Carl Zimmer and Katie Thomas

´ÙÀ½ ½ÂÀÎ ´ë»óÀÎ ¸ðµ¥³ª ¹é½ÅÀº 94.5%ÀÇ È¿´ÉÀ» º¸ÀÌ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç º»ÁúÀûÀ¸·Î È­ÀÌÀú-¹ÙÀÌ¿À¿£ÅØ°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. ¾Æ½ºÆ®¶óÁ¦³×Ä«¿Í ¿Á½ºÆ÷µå ´ëÇÐÀÇ ¹é½ÅÀº Áö¿øÀÚµéÀÌ ¹ÞÀº ¾àÀÇ °­µµ¿¡ µû¶ó 60¿¡¼­ 90%ÀÇ È¿´ÉÀ» º¸À̸ç È¥¶õ½º·¯¿î ½ÇÇè °á°ú¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÇÁ¶û½º ȸ»çÀÎ »ç³ëÇÇ´Â Ãʱâ ÀÓ»ó½ÇÇè¿¡¼­ 55¼¼ ÀÌ»óÀÇ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¸é¿ª¹ÝÀÀÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â Å« ½Ç¸ÁÀ» ¾È°ÜÁá´Ù. ÇöÀç »ç³ëÇÇ´Â »õ·Î¿î ½ÇÇèÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¹é½ÅÀ» ´Ù½Ã ¸¸µé°í ÀÖ´Ù.

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02-13 09:04
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02-10 15:26
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02-10 05:18
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02-08 15:11
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02-07 12:40
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02-07 08:27
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02-05 15:06
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01-31 11:01
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01-29 09:02
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01-28 09:46
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01-26 08:01
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01-25 06:36
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01-24 13:23
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01-23 08:59
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01-09 09:47
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